Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA)

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & RISK ASSESSMENT (HIRA)

A Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) assist emergency managers in

answering these questions. It is a systematic risk assessment tool that can be used to

assess the risks of various hazards.

There are three reasons why a HIRA is useful to the emergency management profession:



It helps emergency management professionals prepare for the worst and/or most

likely risks.



Allows for the creation of exercises, training programs, and plans based on the

most likely scenarios.



Saves time and resources by isolating hazards that cannot occur in the designated

area.

Risk is the unwanted consequence of an event or series of events. Risk occurs when

multiple risk causing factors occur at the same time causing an accident manifesting in

an event like a fire or explosion. Risk Assessment (RA) is a method that has proven its

value as an all-round tool for improving the safety standards prevalent in every

hazardous industry. With advancements in in-built and inherent safety systems,

accidents rates have come down, but still persist at unacceptable levels for newer

technology, new plants and chemical handling facilities. RA is a structured safety

assessment tools designed for high hazard industries such as chemical, petrochemical,

pesticides, pharmaceuticals, sea ports, etc., supplementing other safety systems tools such

as HAZOP, safety audit, and regular incident analysis to identify the potential for

incidents (near-misses, unsafe conditions) and to evaluate the necessary control

measures.

Objectives of HIRA study:

 Carryout a systematic, critical appraisal of all potential hazards involving

personnel, plant, services and operation methods.

 Identify the existing safeguards available to control the risks due to the hazards.

 Suggest additional control measures to reduce the risk to acceptable level.

 Prepare a Risk register that will help in continuously monitoring these risks,

detect any changes and ensure the controls are effective.

Steps involved in Hazard identification and risk assessment:

Step 1: Identification of the Hazard

Hazard Identification is a critical step in Risk Analysis. Many aids are available,

including experience, engineering codes, checklists, detailed process knowledge,

equipment failure experience, hazard index techniques, What-if Analysis, Hazard and

Operability (HAZOP) Studies, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and

Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA). In this phase all potential incidents are identified

and tabulated. Site visit and study of operations and documents like drawings, process

write-up etc are used for hazard identification.

Step 2: Assessment of the Risk

Consequence Estimation is the methodology used to determine the potential for damage

or injury from specific incidents. A single incident can have many distinct incident

outcomes. Likelihood assessment is the methodology used to estimate the frequency or

probability of occurrence of an incident. Estimates may be obtained from historical

incident data on failure frequencies or from failure sequence models, such as fault trees

and event trees. Risks arising from the hazards are evaluated for its tolerability to

personnel, the facility and the environment. The acceptability of the estimated risk must

then be judged based upon criteria appropriate to the particular situation.

Step 3: Elimination or Reduction of the Risk

This involves identifying opportunities to reduce the likelihood and/or consequence of an

accident Where deemed to be necessary. Risk Assessment combines the consequences

and likelihood of all incident outcomes from all selected incidents to provide a measure

of risk. The risk of all selected incidents are individually estimated and summed to give

an overall measure of risk. Risk-reduction measures include those to prevent incidents

(i.e. reduce the likelihood of occurrence) to control incidents (i.e. limit the extent and

duration of a hazardous event) and to mitigate the effects (i.e. reduce the consequences).

Preventive measures, such as using inherently safer designs and ensuring asset integrity,

should be used wherever practicable. In many cases, the measures to control and mitigate

hazards and risks are simple and obvious and involve modifications to conform to

standard practice.

The general hierarchy of risk reducing measures is:

 Prevention (by distance or design)

 Detection (e.g. fire and gas, Leak detection)

 Control (e.g. emergency shutdown and controlled depressurization)

 Mitigation (e.g. fire fighting and passive fire protection)

 Emergency response (in case safety barriers fail)

Components of Risk Assessment:

The normal components of a risk assessment study are:

 Hazard identification and specification

 Risk Review

 Recommendations on mitigation measures

Failure case identification

The first stage in any risk assessment study is to identify the potential accidents that could

result in the release of the hazardous material from its normal containment.

Chemical hazards are generally considered to be of three types:

 Flammable

 Reactive

 Toxic

Where there is the potential for confined gas releases, there is also the potential

for explosions. These often produce overpressures which can cause fatalities, both

through direct action on the body or through building damage. Potential accidents

associated with any plant, section of a terminal/plant or pipeline can be divided into two

categories:

 There is a possibility of failure associated with each, mechanical component of the

facility/terminal (vessels, pipes, pumps or compressors). There are generic failures

and can be caused by such mechanisms as corrosion, vibration or external impact

(mechanical or overpressure). A small event (such as a leak) may escalate to a bigger

event, by itself causing a larger failure.

 There is also a likelihood of failures caused by specific operating

circumstances. The prime example of this is human error, however it can also include

other accidents due, for example, to reaction runaway or the possibility of ignition of

leaking tank gases due to hot work.

Classification of Major Hazard Units:

 Damage of oil storage tanks and oil leaks into the sea

 In case of fire explosion

 In case of emergency during ship maneuvering

 In case of vessel or boat collision

Hazard Identification

Identification of hazards in the proposed jetty is of primary significance in the

analysis, quantification and cost effective control of accidents and process. Definition

of hazard states that, hazard is in fact the characteristic of system/process that presents

potential for an accident. Hence, all the components of a system need to be thoroughly

examined to assess their potential for initiating or propagating an unplanned

event/sequence of events, which can be termed as an accident. The following two

methods for hazard identification have been employed in the proposed Jetty Study:

Hazards during Construction Phase

 Mechanical Hazards

 Transportation Hazards

 Physical Hazards

 Storage and Handling of Hazardous Materials

Hazards during Operation Phase

 Material Hazards

 Handling Hazards

Hazards due to Natural Calamities

 Earthquake

 Tsunami

 Cyclone/Flood

Hazards during Construction Phase

Potential hazards during the construction phase of the project could be due to the

mechanical hazards, navigation/ transportation hazards, physical hazards and storage and

handling of hazardous materials.

Mechanical Hazards: Mechanical hazards during the construction phase arise due to the

moving parts in the machinery, especially the belts and bolts of the construction

equipment, which are heavy and pose a threat to the work personnel. Other hazards

include falling (during working at heights), falling objects like hand held tools, etc;

failure of slips and traps created for scaffolding; and due to faulting of electrical

equipment.

Navigation/ transportation Hazards: Planning of access/egress to construction site also

plays significant role in minimizing the associated hazards such as vehicles/ barges

collision.

Physical Hazards: The noise and vibrations generated during construction phase may

affect the workers health, hinder effective communication. In addition to noise and

vibration, hot works also pose a considerable hazard to the workers.

Hazards during Operational phase

Material Hazards: During operation, Liquid Cargo will be handled at the proposed

facility. The Liquid cargo hazard classification can be made based on its Characteristics

such as Flammability, explosiveness, toxicity or corrosivity etc.

Handling Hazards: Proposed jetty involves handling of Liquid Cargo. The hazards

related to edible oil transport and unloading may be due to accidents, breaking of

unloading arms, failure in mechanical components, etc. The handling hazards include:

 Insufficient knowledge on hazardous nature of Liquid Cargo in use leading to

inappropriate handling of the Liquid Cargo.

 Failure to use appropriate control measures and Personal Protective Equipment

(PPE)

 Use of expired/worn Personal Protective Equipment’s (PPE’s)

 Failure of liquid delivery tools.

 Possible hazards during ship movements at the port are collision, grounding, etc.

 Likely hazards during loading and unloading of Liquid Cargo.

 During ship unloading operations, the possible hazard may arise due to collision

by another vessel and others.

Cargo handling: A fully mechanized ship loading/unloading system (Pipelines) is

planned at the berths. The major components of the mechanized ship loading/unloading

system are Pumps and Pipelines.

Ship movements/Navigation Hazards: The navigation hazards during operation phase

are grounding and collision of vessels. However, these would be controlled by suitable

vessel traffic management.

Ship unloading: During ship unloading operations, possible hazard may arise due to

collision by another vessel and others.

Transfer operation: The transfer operation involves transfer of liquid cargo from ships

through pipelines. During this operation there is a possibility of mal-operation / non-

synchronization / misalignment leading to liquid cargo spillage.

Slip and Trip Hazards: Workers performing cleaning operations are exposed to slippery

working surfaces and tripping hazards. This places workers at risk of:

 Slipping off oily and greasy ladders

 Slipping and falling on oily decks

 Tripping over equipment, hoses and vessel structures

Hazard due to Natural Calamities:

Cyclone, Tsunami and Storm surge are the most destructive forces among the natural

devastations. It causes instant disaster and burial of lives and destruction to entire

coastal properties. The damage and loss can be minimized if appropriate preparedness

plan is formulated. The following statutory guidelines are recommended by National

Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) to minimize the impact due to Cyclone,

Tsunami and storm.

Types of

Disasters

Risk incurred Mitigation steps

Earthquake

Highest vulnerability towards

earthquake occurrence (based on past

history) resulting into massive

destruction.

Structure proposed should

comply as per relevant IS

Codes for Earthquake resistant

structures for adequate factor

of safety.

Tsunami

Kandla region had been affected by

Tsunami in past with a ht. of 12m in

1945. Thus, it is also one of the major

risks applied to the SIPC locations.

Land use planning should be as

per the zoning maps by Gujarat

State Disaster Management

Authority (GSDMA)

Cyclone

Gujarat falls in the region of tropical

cyclone and is highly vulnerable to

associated hazards such as floods, storm

surges etc. Kandla falls in the belt in

which the wind speed ranges between

45-47m/sec.

Over 120 cyclones originated within

Arabian Sea in past 100 years.

Damage to property and life is huge.

Structure proposed should

comply as per relevant IS

Codes for cyclone resistant

structures for adequate factor

of safety.

Drought

Kandla is a drought prone area with

less rainfall

Drought vulnerability increases the

groundwater exploitation

Rain water harvesting should be

mandatory

Epidemics

Outbreak of Epidemics such as swine

flu has been seen in past

Necessary steps should be

undertaken to have hygienic

conditions and medical

assistance within the location

to cater to any epidemic

A Risk Analysis should therefore, be seen as an important component of any or all on-

going preventive actions aimed at minimizing and thus hopefully, avoiding accidents. Re-

assessments should therefore follow at regular intervals, and/or after any changes that

could alter the hazard, so contributing to the overall prevention programme and disaster

management plan of the project.

PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS (PHA):

Preliminary Hazards Analysis (PHA) is a broad based study carried out to identify

potential hazards associated with various process operations, types of chemicals, and

associated activities carried out at any facility. The objective of Preliminary Hazards

Analysis is to further direct greater depth of analysis and suggest remedial measures for

hazard potential areas. The PHA is always better done in the early stages of the project so

that requisite time is available to implement recommendations and it is economical to

implement in the beginning rather than modifying the system subsequently after

commissioning the facility.

The areas identified for carrying out PHA are given below:

 Areas where large quantities of hazardous chemicals are stored or processed.

 Areas where operating temperatures and pressures could be particularly high.

 Areas where flammable inventories exist. At times the flammable inventories may

not be hazardous in itself but even a minor fire in the vicinity may be sufficient to

cause knock-.on effect resulting in release of hazardous chemicals.

 Specific operations associated with the high probability of failure.

 Areas where destructive and dangerous chemical reactions could take

place resulting in major heat evolution, release of toxic products in reaction,

polymerization, etc.

 Areas where potentially corrosive material is stored and handled and where

pipeline or tank failure due to corrosion would result in major release of the

corrosive or toxic chemical.

 Areas where passive or active safety systems are associated with a generally high

failure rate.

RISK ANALYSIS

A hazard is generally realized as a loss of containment of a hazardous material. The

routes for such loss of containment can include release from pipe fittings containing

liquid or gas, releases from vents/relief and releases.

The objective of hazard identification is to identify and evaluate the hazards and the

unintended events, which could cause an accident. The first task usually is to identify the

hazards that are inherent to the process and/or plant and then focus on the evaluation of

the events, which could be associated with hazards. In hazard identification and

quantification of probability of occurrence it is assumed that the plant will perform as

designed in the absence of unintended events (component and material failures, human

errors, external event, process unknown), which may affect the plant/process behavior.

Edible oil is less hazardous in nature but even edible oil storage and handling may result

in various incidences during cleaning and maintenance of the line and storage vessel.

The proposed project has risk potential of toxic and flammable chemicals. For Hazard

identification, Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) scenarios have been assessed. The

maximum credible accident has been characterized as an accident with a maximum

damage potential and the occurrence of which is most probable.

PREAMBLE

During the burning of edible oil, the maximum threat zone (Lethal & 2nd degree burn)

extends to a distance of 100m. Information available in the literature regarding exposure

versus damages is given below:-

Incident

Radiation

intensity, KW/m

Type of damage Damage to human

37.5

Damages the process Equipments

100 % Lethality in one

minute, 0.1% in 10 seconds

25.0

Minimum energy to ignite wood up

on indefinitely long exposure

100% lethality in 1 minute,

Significant injury in 10

seconds Via

12.5

Minimum energy to ignite the

combustion materials

1 minute: First degree burns

in 10 seconds.

9.5

Pain threshold reached after

10 seconds: II degree burns

after 20 seconds.

4.0

Causes pain if duration is

longer than 20 seconds: But

Incident

Radiation

intensity, KW/m

Type of damage Damage to human

blisters Unlikely.

1.6

Causes no Discomfort

CAUSES OF FIRE

Fuel and Storage Tanks

Ferry terminal

jetty contain materials like edible oil and are the material of focus in our

project as they can pose hazardous actions in the jetty. Individual ferrys have

hydrocarbons on board, and the proposed jetty will also have docks for dispensing fuel to

the ferries coming at the jetty, which requires that they have fuel storage tanks. These

tanks need to safely contain the hazardous materials, and the dispensing equipment

must be used properly and maintained to ensure that the materials will not leak or spill

into the water or onto the pier, which can cause fire. As improper usage or faulty

equipment can result in spills and other emergencies, fuelling docks and fuel storage

tanks are some of the most incident-prone locations and items in the jetty.

Ferry Fire

Ferry fires are one of the most common ways that jetty fires can begin. These fires can

spread to the rest of the jetty and to other ferries. The most common causes of ferry fires are

electrical malfunctions, unattended portable heaters, smoking, and poor

housekeeping. Smoking is a common cause of fires, whether on a ferry or in the jetty.

Electrical fires are also common, and can occur whether the jetty is or is not in use.

Exposed wiring can arc to outside materials, or it can cause short circuit. Wiring on ferries

can become exposed due to the constant movement of the ferry in the water as well as

the corrosive properties of the damp sea air. Improperly sized fuses or circuit breakers

can also cause wiring to arc to another material. Overloading electrical sockets and

accidents with light bulbs may also cause electrical fires on ferries.

Fire in public area

Smoking also causes fire in public area like the restaurants, waiting room, common toilets,

parking lot and public parks. Electrical fires are common in restaurants due to short

circuit or exposed wiring.

Other causes - calamity

Fires in the jetty are potentially calamitous. Fires may cause the spread of hazardous

materials, especially hydrocarbons from ferrys and storage tanks. The types of ferry

passing through the jetty can be hazardous and may be in danger of spilling during a fire

or another incident. Fires may also ignite when the ferrys are not being operated or even

supervised.

Operation and Maintenance

Other sources of fires in ferrys and jettys include those caused during maintenance and

operation, including fuel transfer, welding, and cargo stowage. If the fuel tanks are

overfilled, the overflow could ignite inside the terminal if the fuel begins to leak on the

shoreline, it could spread on the pier or light the actual fuel storage tank and cause a fire.

Prevention for Jetty fire

o Fire fighting system to be set up and the Jetty shall have its own independent

fire fighting arrangements. Shall maintain the fire main pressure at 7 kg/cm

o Identify smoking zone areas on the jetty and public area to avoid fire due to smoking.

o Enforcing an inspection program of all electrical equipment at regular intervals

can prevent some fires from occurring. This can be done by either the jetty

management or the fire department themselves.

o Ensuring that the fuelling pumps and pipes are safely installed is also important in

minimizing fires due to fuels.

o Another prevention strategy is to require that fire extinguishers be located

within certain distances of each other, or to keep other means of fire

protection equipment in specific locations of the jetty and public area.

o Fire tenders to be located at each berth.

o Signage to be provide notification to the public and staff of restrictions that

apply to certain areas or facilities within the jetty and public area. Signage

should be present at specific locations, such as fuelling procedures at fuelling

stations, as well as throughout jetty and terminal. Signage including ‘No

Smoking’ signs, fire safety signs, hazardous materials storage signs, and

evacuation route signs will be present at the jetty.

o A manually activated electric fire alarm and an automatic fire alarm that is

audible through the jetty and public area is distinguishable from any other

signal will be provided.

VESSEL / BOAT COLLISION

 This section provides data on vessel / boat collision risks. Offshore traffic may

be divided into two groups:

 Passing vessels: Ship traffic which is not related to the installation being

considered, including merchant vessels, fishing vessels, naval vessels and also

offshore related traffic going to and from other installations than that being

considered.

 Field related: Offshore related traffic which is there to serve the installation

being considered, e.g. supply vessels, oil tankers, work vessels.

 For passing vessels, collision risk is highly location dependent due to variation

in offshore traffic from one location to another. The Offshore traffic volume

and pattern at the specific location should hence be considered with

considerable care.

 Field related offshore traffic refers to those vessels which are specifically

visiting the installation, and is therefore considered to be less dependent of the

location of the installation. The frequency of infield vessel impacts will

depend on the durations that vessels are alongside, the installation layout,

environmental conditions, and procedures,

 Collisions can be divided into two groups:

 Powered collisions (vessel moving under power towards the installation)

 Drifting collisions (vessel drifting towards the installation)

 Powered collisions include navigational/maneuvering errors (human/technical

failures), watch keeping failure, and bad visibility/ineffective radar use. A

drifting vessel is a vessel that has lost its propulsion or steerage, or has

experienced a progressive failure of anchor lines or towline and is drifting

only under the influence of environmental forces.

IMPACTS OF OIL SPILLS:

When the oil spills in large quantity, it temporarily affects the air-sea interaction, thus

preventing the entry of oxygen from the atmosphere. The first set of organisms

affected is the primary producers like phytoplankton, which are the basis of the

marine food chain. The other free-swimming organisms such as fish larvae and fish

also get affected. Further, when the oil sinks during the course of time, it affects the

benthic organisms. Oil spills can also have a serious economic impact on coastal

activities and resources of the sea.

Spills close to the shoreline tend to have the greatest immediate impact because more

diverse forms of life may come into contact with the oil. In addition to ecological

concerns, shoreline spills can affect the air quality, due to the hydrocarbon gases and

sulphur compounds present in the oil, and are also a potential fire hazard. They will

also depress recreational areas, harbours, industries, commercial fishing grounds.

PILING

Piling activities generate significant noise in the marine environment and can result in

adverse behavioral and auditory impacts among biota up to tens of kilometres away.

A slow start-up to piling activities should be employed at the beginning of each

construction period to allow mobile animals to remove themselves from the unpleasant

stimuli before it reaches maximum strength.

CONTINGENCY PLANNING

The risks of the tank and pipeline failing as a structure are remote. The terminals that

exist in the Port Area have been there during pre-independence and their performance

have been satisfactory. Mechanical failures in terms of rupture and weld failures have

not been recorded so far and the risks are negligible. However, should this arise for

some reasons that could be beyond the control of everybody, then the oil would be

contained within a reinforced concrete bund wall. The risks of all tanks failing at the

same time could be safely ignored unless they are subject to an attack or raid or an

earthquake of significant magnitude impacting the locus. This scenario is quite very

remote.

Most of the calamities occur in sea. Records from statistical data have demonstrated that

spillage of oil is frequent. However, since no sea-based activities would be carried out,

spillage of oil is unlikely to arise for the proposed undertaking.

RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT ON IMPACTS OF PROPOSED PROJECT ON

THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT

Risk Evaluation

The evaluation of the risks associated with the above identified hazards in the facility is

done using the QRA (Qualitative Risk Assessment) method involving the risk matrix.

The qualitative approach is a structured and documented approach in which observations

to several strategic indicative activities are retrieved and the likelihood and consequences

determined based on technical knowhow, professional judgement and experience.

Observations to the following indicative activities are sought.

The evaluation of risk probability (P) is given a rating of 1 to 5 i.e. rare to almost certain and the

intensity of consequence is rated from 1 to 5 i.e. insignificant to catastrophic. From this the level

of risk or a score is evaluated as,

Risk = Probability (P) x Consequence (C)

Drawing mitigation

measures to Act against

consequences

Gauging intensity of

consequences if hazards

occur

Stratification of all

activities

Identification of

Hazards against each

activity

Assessing probability of

Occurrence of Identified

Hazards

Table: Risk Level and Mitigation measures for during Operations

S.No Hazardous

Activity

Risk Level Mitigation/control Measure

1 Chemical Hazard

Moderate Level

Risk: Tolerable with

immediate action



Regular maintenance of all

connections and monitoring of

the same.

 Strict supervision of all

activities involving the use of

hazardous substances is very

important.

 Provision for on-site medical

facility and first aid for medical

emergencies before further

treatment, like Medical support

and ambulance

 Material Safety Data Sheets

(MSDS) of all hazardous

substances to be well distributed

and displayed for awareness and

knowledge in handling such

substances

 SoPs for handling of chemicals

 Mandatory use of personal

protective equipment (PPE).

2 Mechanical/Oper

ational Hazard

High Level Risk:

Unacceptable & to be

eliminated.

 All installations will be safely

designed, built, maintained,

modified and operated

 Integrated warning system

including public address system

to ensure working personnel are

timely alerted before testing and

after testing.

 Remote operations to make sure

personnel are at a safe distance

from winches, bollards,

capstans while operating

machineries.

 Soft stop or variable buffer

safeguard options will be

considered to cut down on risks

to personnel from cranes.

 Cranes and suspended loads to

be grounded.

 Regular monitoring of site and

coordinated supervision is very

instrumental in eliminating all

probable risks.

 Efficient control and civil teams

will be deployed for overall

monitoring and coordination

through CCTVs and other

technology.

 Provision for on-site medical

facility and first aid to aid to

medical emergencies before

further treatment. Availability

of 24x7 medical officer and

ambulance is a must.

 Timely training to all workers

and staff in their specific work

areas.

 Mandatory use of personal

protective equipment (PPE).

3 Electrical Hazard

Low Level Risk:

Acceptable with

immediate action.



Substations will be sealed.

 Regular maintenance of the sub-

stations, wiring and monitoring

of the same

 Strict supervision of all day-to-

day activities is very important

to prevent any untoward

incident.

 Proper earthing to discharge

static electric charge.

4 Fire/Explosion

Hazard

High Level Risk:

Unacceptable & to be

eliminated.



The comprehensive fire fighting

system of the facility will be as

per CFEES for effective in

eliminating any consequential

risk.

5 Hazard from

Natural

Calamities

Moderate Level

Risk: Tolerable with

immediate action



All installations will be safely

designed, built, maintained,

modified and operated in

accordance with applicable

standards.

RISK CALCULATION PROCESS

Risk assessment is performed according to the process shown in below Figure. First,

the shortest stopping distance and turning stopping distance are calculated. The risk

based area for a ship is then calculated using the two stopping distances, and that for a

jetty is calculated considering the relevant conditions. Second, the overlap between the

risk based areas of the ship and jetty is calculated. Finally, collisions between the ship

and jetty are predicted by assessing the size of the overlapping risk based area.

Fig: Risk Calculation Process

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY:

Occupational health and safety issues during the construction of Jetty are common to

those of most large infrastructure and industrial facilities and their prevention and

control. These issues include, among others, exposure to dust and hazardous materials

that may be present in construction materials, hazardous materials in other building

components (e.g. mercury in electrical equipment), and physical hazards associated

with the use of heavy equipment, or the use of explosives.

Specific occupational health and safety issues relevant to Jetty operations primarily

include the following:

 Physical hazards

 Chemical hazards

 Confined spaces

Physical Hazards

 The main sources of physical hazards at jetties are associated with Jetty operation

and use of associated machinery and vehicles. Separation of people from vehicles

and making vehicle passageways one-way, to the extent practical

 Locating means of access to ensure suspended loads do not pass overhead, to the

extent practical

 Constructing the surface of Jetty areas to be: of adequate strength to support the

heaviest expected loads; level, or with only a slight slope; free from holes, cracks,

depressions, unnecessary curbs, or other raised objects; continuous; and skid

resistant

 Providing safe access arrangements suitable for the sizes and types of vessels

calling at their facilities. These access arrangements should include guard rails

and / or properly secured safety nets to prevent workers from falling into the

water between the ship's side and the adjacent quay

 Avoiding placing cargo on, or allowing passage of vehicles over, any hatch cover

that is not of adequate strength for that purpose

 As far as is reasonably practicable, preventing workers from working in the part

of a hold where a trimming machine or grab is operational o Inspecting and

approving all slings before use

 Equipping lifting appliances with means of emergency escape from the driver's

cabin and a safe means for the removal of an injured or ill driver. Risk of free fall

of materials should be minimized by installing telescoping arm loaders and

conveyors;

 Materials handling operations should follow a simple, linear layout to reduce the

need for multiple transfer points.

Chemical Hazards

Jetty workers may be exposed to chemical hazards especially if their work entails

direct contact with fuels or chemicals, or depending on the nature of jetty activities.

Work with fuels may present a risk of exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOC)

via inhalation or skin contact during normal use or in the case of spills.

Noise

Noise sources in Jetties may include DG operations, including vehicular traffic, and

boats. In order to evaluate the impacts of proposed project on the health of workers,

baseline health studies will be carried out on every worker before joining their duties.

RISK REDUCTION MEASURES:

Safety Measures to be implemented during construction phase

o The contractor shall adhere to safe construction practice, guard against

hazardous and unsafe working conditions and follow all safety precautions for

prevention of injury or accidents and safeguarding life and property.

o The contractor shall further comply with any instruction issued by the Safety

Officials in regards to safety which may relate to temporary, enabling or

permanent works, working of tools, plants, machineries, equipments, means of

access or any other aspect. The contractor shall provide PPE’s (Personal

Protective Equipments) as well as job specific PPE’s, all as per requirement

and as directed by the Engineer.

o All safety rules shall be strictly followed while working on live electrical

systems or installations as stipulated in the relevant safety codes.

o All mechanical hoisting and hauling devices and equipment required for

execution of the work, including their attachments, construction tools,

machineries and equipments shall be of adequate capacity and shall comply

with relevant safety codes. All the components shall be in good working

condition and shall be checked frequently to ensure that no defect/breakage has

developed.

o During work on Jetty project location, the areas of work must be clearly marked

with red flags and prominent red lamps (at night) to prevent any danger to

workmen engaged at site or to ships berthing at the Jetties.

o During work at night, the Contractor shall deploy halogen lamps/ other

electrical lamps at the required spots to ensure there is adequate illumination for

hazard-free work.

o The Contractor shall also surround vulnerable areas of on-going works with old

rubber tyres as a precaution against accidental collision and damage.

o High quality well-sheathed cables shall be used for all temporary electrical

work. All electrical installations shall be grounded and well protected.

o All accessories such as welding leads, electrode holders, welding gloves and

helmets, etc. must be of high quality and should be well maintained and

checked.

o The contractor shall adopt all the above safety measures at his own cost.

o The contractor shall adhere to safe construction practice, guard against

hazardous and unsafe working conditions and follow all safety precautions for

prevention of injury or accidents and safeguarding life and property. In case

any accident/untoward incident occurs during execution of the work, the

Contractor shall be solely responsible for such incident.

o At all times during execution of the project, the contractor shall provide and

maintain at site all necessary first aid measures including oxygen cylinder and

mask in proper condition.

o Marine Environmental Risk, No damage is caused to plants and vegetations

unless the same is required for execution of the project proper.

o The work shall not pollute any source of water

land

air surrounding the work

site so as to affect adversely the quality or appearance thereof or cause injury or

death to Marine Eco system Flora & Fauna, animal and plant life.

o Labour camp/ Shift room etc, shall be maintained in a clean and hygienic

condition throughout the period of their use and different effluents of the labour

hutment shall have to be disposed off suitably.

o Stringent work permit system to be implemented for safety of workman