INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL AND HEALTH – 01 JULY 2020
Country list
1
Country vaccination requirements and WHO recommendations for international travellers and malaria
prophylaxis per country
Introduction
The country list is a compilation of key information to facilitate safe international travel. The information
provided for each country includes any State health requirements as well as WHO recommendations for
yellow fever vaccination and malaria prophylaxis.
2
,
3
,
4
The country list is produced after consultation with States Parties and includes input from WHO technical
units at Headquarters and from WHO Regional Offices. States are consulted yearly to confirm or update their
country's requirements for international travellers. Additionally, yellow fever risk mapping for international
travellers and WHO recommendations are submitted to the Scientific and Technical Advisory Group on
Geographical Yellow Fever Risk Mapping (GRYF) for review.
5
Country requirements are subject to change at any time. Temporary country requirements and WHO
recommendations related to specific events are published on the travel advice page of WHO’s website (See:
All updates for travellers).
6
However, it is important for travellers to ensure that they know the requirements
of the country to which they are travelling by checking with the relevant consulate or embassy.
As a complement to the country list, the International Travel and Health (ITH) chapter 6 on Vaccine-
preventable diseases
7
and vaccines describes WHO recommendations on: 1) routine vaccines for review
before travelling, and 2) vaccines for certain destinations.
8
This document is updated every two years and is
available from the WHO website.
Yellow fever
Vaccination
Yellow fever vaccination is required for travellers to certain countries and is recommended for all travellers
to areas subject to endemic and epidemic disease. For a summary of vaccine data and further details on WHO
recommendations, please consult the updated chapter 6 on the international travel and health website
(https://www.who.int/ith/updates/20130521/en/).
Yellow fever vaccination for travellers is carried out for two different purposes:
1. To prevent the international spread of the disease
Countries protect themselves from the risk of importing or further spreading the yellow fever virus by
establishing entry requirements on yellow fever vaccination for travellers. The countries that require proof
of vaccination are those where the disease may or may not occur and where the mosquito vector and
potential non-human primate hosts of yellow fever are present. Any importation of the virus into such
countries by infected travellers may result in its propagation and establishment, leading to a permanent risk
of infection for the human population. Proof of vaccination is often required for travellers arriving from
1
In this publication, the terms “country” and “countries” refer to countries, territories and areas.
2
WHO publishes these requirements for purposes of information only; this publication does not constitute an endorsement or confirmation that
such requirements are in accordance with the provisions of the International Health Regulations.
3
The requirement by some countries for vaccination of infants over 6 months of age is not in accordance with WHO’s advice (Chapter 6).
Travellers should, however, be informed that the requirement exists for entry into the countries concerned.
4
When available, the date of the most recent update or confirmation is indicated in parentheses in the country list. If no accurate date is
indicated, the most recent update or confirmation was provided prior to 2013.
5
For further information, see the WHO website at: http://www.who.int/ith/yellow-fever-risk-mapping/en/.
6
WHO International Travel and Health website, see All updates for travellers section at: https://www.who.int/travel-advice/all-updates-for-
travellers, accessed 19 July 2020.
7
For further information, see the WHO website at: https://www.who.int/travel-advice/disease-information, accessed 19 July 2020.
8
For further information, see the WHO website at: https://www.who.int/travel-advice/vaccines, accessed 19 July 2020.
2
countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and sometimes for travellers in transit through such
countries. It should be noted that some countries require proof of vaccination from all travellers.
A meeting of yellow fever experts proposed in 2010 that less than 12 hours of airport transit in an area at
risk of yellow fever poses an almost non-existent risk of yellow fever and, therefore, that proof of
vaccination might not be necessary. This information is provided to WHO Member States, but travellers
should confirm individual country requirements by contacting the relevant consulate or embassy of the
country they intend to visit.
Countries requiring yellow fever vaccination for entry do so in accordance with the International Health
Regulations (IHR 2005). Yellow fever is currently the only disease for which proof of vaccination may be
required for travellers as a condition of entry to a State Party under Annex 7 of the IHR (2005). An important
change was made in May 2014, when the World Health Assembly adopted an updated annex to the IHR
(Annex 7), which extends the validity of a certificate of vaccination against yellow fever from 10 years to
life.
9
This change came into force on 11 July 2016. For both existing and new certificates, revaccination or
a booster dose of yellow fever vaccine cannot be required of international travellers as a condition of entry
into a State Party, regardless of the date on which their international certificate of vaccination was initially
issued.
The fact that a country has no requirement for yellow fever vaccination does not imply that there is
no risk of yellow fever transmission.
2. To protect individual travellers who may be exposed to yellow fever infection
The risk of yellow fever transmission in a country depends on the presence of the virus in humans,
mosquitoes or animals. Because yellow fever is frequently fatal for those who have not been vaccinated,
vaccination is recommended for all travellers (with few exceptions, as noted in Chapter 6) visiting areas
where there is a risk of yellow fever transmission. Annex 1 of International Travel and Health provides a
summary list of countries with risk of yellow fever transmission in whole or in part as defined by WHO, as
well as a list of countries that require proof of yellow fever vaccination as a condition for entry.
WHO determines those areas where “a risk of yellow fever transmission is present” on the basis of the
diagnosis of cases of yellow fever in humans and/or animals, the results of yellow fever sero-surveys, and
the presence of vectors and animal reservoirs. The GRYF was established in 2015 to maintain up-to-date
yellow fever risk-mapping and to provide guidance on yellow fever vaccination for travellers in ways that
facilitate international travel.
10
Decisions regarding the use of yellow fever vaccine for travellers must take several factors into account,
including the risk of travel-associated yellow fever virus disease, country requirements, and the potential
for serious adverse events following yellow fever vaccination (Chapter 6). Yellow fever maps and graphics
are available from the WHO website.
11
The table below summarizes WHO’s revised recommendations for
yellow fever vaccination for travellers.
WHO recommendations for yellow fever vaccination for travellers
Yellow fever vaccination Rationale for recommendation
category
Recommended Yellow fever vaccination is recommended for all travellers ≥ 9 months of age
in areas where there is evidence of persistent or periodic yellow fever virus
transmission.
9
World Health Assembly resolution WHA67.13 and the updated Annex 7 of the IHR (2005): http://www.who.int/ith/A67_2014_Annex-7-
en.pdf?ua=1, accessed 19 July 2020.
10
For further information, see the WHO website at: http://www.who.int/ith/yellow-fever-risk-mapping/en/, accessed 19 July 2020.
11
See WHO yellow fever maps and graphics at http://www.who.int/emergencies/yellow-fever/maps/en/ and the WHO yellow fever web page at
https://www.who.int/health-topics/yellow-fever, both accessed 19 July 2020.
3
Generally not recommended Yellow fever vaccination is generally not recommended in areas where there is
low potential for yellow fever virus exposure (no human cases of yellow fever
ever reported and evidence to suggest only low levels of yellow fever virus
transmission in the past). However, vaccination might be considered for a
small subset of travellers to these areas who are at increased risk of exposure to
mosquitoes or are unable to avoid mosquito bites. When considering
vaccination, any traveller must take into account the risk of being infected with
yellow fever virus, country entry requirements, and individual risk factors (e.g.
age, immune status) for serious vaccine-associated adverse events.
Poliomyelitis
Until the disease has been certified as eradicated globally, the risks of acquiring polio (for travellers to
infected areas) and of reinfection of polio-free areas (by travellers from infected areas) remain.
Travellers from polio-free to polio-endemic countries should have completed polio vaccination according
to their national immunization schedule. Incomplete polio vaccinations should be completed. It is
particularly important that people living in countries with active transmission of poliovirus (including
vaccine-derived virus) be fully vaccinated. In addition, travellers from such countries should receive a dose
of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) or inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) at least 4 weeks before (and within
12 months of) departure. For further details on vaccine data and WHO recommendations please consult the
updated chapter 6 on the international travel and health website
(https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/international-travel-and-health-chapter-6---vaccine-preventable-
diseases-and-vaccines).
On 5 May 2014, WHO’s Director-General declared the international spread of wild poliovirus to be a public
health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) under the IHR and issued temporary recommendations
to reduce the international spread of wild poliovirus, namely:
1. States with wild poliovirus (WPV1) or circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV1 or
cVDPV3) transmission with potential risk of international spread should ensure that:
• All residents and long-term visitors (i.e. those staying for 4 weeks or longer) of all ages receive a
dose of bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) or inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) between 4
weeks and 12 months prior to international travel.
• International travellers undertaking urgent travel (i.e. within 4 weeks), who have not received a dose
of bOPV or IPV in the previous 4 weeks to 12 months, receive a dose of polio vaccine at least by the
time of departure because this will still provide benefit, particularly for frequent travellers.
• Travellers are provided with an International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP) in the
form specified in Annex 6 of the IHR to record their polio vaccination and serve as proof of
vaccination.
• The international travel of any resident lacking documentation of appropriate polio vaccination is
restricted at the point of departure. This applies to international travellers from all points of
departure, irrespective of the means of conveyance (e.g. road, air, sea).
2. States with circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV2) transmission with potential risk of
international spread should:
• Encourage residents and long-term visitors to receive a dose of IPV 4 weeks to 12 months prior to
international travel or, for those undertaking urgent travel (i.e. within 4 weeks), a dose at least by the
time of departure.
• Ensure that travellers who receive such vaccination have access to an appropriate document to record
their polio vaccination status.
4
Updates on currently endemic, affected states and vulnerable countries are available from the Global Polio
Eradication Initiative website.
12
Some polio-free countries require resident travellers and long-term visitors from polio-infected countries to
provide documentation of recent vaccination against polio in order to obtain an entry visa, or they may
require travellers to receive an additional dose of polio vaccine on arrival, or both.
Travellers should confirm individual country requirements by contacting the relevant consulate or embassy
of the country they intend to visit.
Malaria
General information about malaria, its geographical distribution, and details of preventive measures are
included in Chapter 7 which is updated every two years and available on the web
(https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/travel-and-health/2017-ith-chapter7.pdf?sfvrsn=c962efe6_2).
Protective measures against mosquito bites are described in Chapter 3. Specific information for each country
is provided in this section, including epidemiological details for all countries with malarious areas
(geographical and seasonal distribution, altitude, predominant species, reported resistance). The recommended
types of prevention are also indicated. For each country, the recommendation of prevention type is based on
the following factors: the risk of contracting malaria, the prevailing species of malaria parasites in the area,
the level and spread of drug resistance reported from the country, and the possible risk of serious side-effects
resulting from the use of the various prophylactic drugs. Where Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax both
occur, prevention of P. falciparum malaria takes priority. Unless the malaria risk is defined as due
“exclusively” to a certain species (e.g. P. falciparum or P. vivax), travellers may be at risk from any of the
parasite species, including mixed infections. P. falciparum resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-
pyrimethamine is at present nearly universal and is no longer specifically mentioned in the country list
below. These two medications currently have no role in the prevention or treatment of falciparum malaria in
travellers. Depending on the type of malaria risk in the specific area of the country/territory visited, the
recommended prevention method may be mosquito-bite prevention only, or mosquito-bite prevention in
combination with chemoprophylaxis and/or standby emergency treatment (SBET). The selection of medicine
to use for chemoprophylaxis should take into account the reported drug-resistance pattern in the locality, as
shown in the table below, where the letters A, B and C refer to the type of prevention. Please note that this
table includes all possible case scenarios for prevention of all plasmodium species causing malaria in humans.
For example, prevention against P. knowlesi is included in type B. More information on malaria – including
country profile
13
and threat maps
14
-
is available from the WHO website.
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Malaria risk and type of prevention
Malaria risk
Type of prevention
Type A
Very limited risk of malaria
transmission
Mosquito-bite prevention only
Type B
Risk of non-falciparum malaria
Mosquito-bite prevention plus chloroquine,
or doxycycline or atovaquone-proguanil or
mefloquine chemoprophylaxis (select
according to drug-resistance pattern,
reported side-effects and contraindications)
a
12
See Global Polio Eradication Initiative web page on Where we work at http://polioeradication.org/where-we-work/ and the WHO poliomyelitis
web page at https://www.who.int/health-topics/poliomyelitis, both accessed 19 July 2020.
13
Malaria country profile, see: http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/country-profiles/en/, accessed 19 July 2020.
14
Malaria threats map, see: http://apps.who.int/malaria/maps/threats/, accessed 19 July 2020.
15
WHO web page on malaria, see: http://www.who.int/malaria/en, accessed 19 July 2020.
5
Type C
Risk of P. falciparum malaria
Mosquito-bite prevention plus atovaquone-
proguanil or doxycycline or mefloquine
chemoprophylaxis (select according to drug-
resistance pattern, reported side-effects and
contraindications)
a, b
a
Alternatively, for travel to rural areas with low risk of malaria infection, mosquito-bite prevention can be
combined with SBET.
b
In certain areas with multidrug-resistant malaria, mefloquine chemoprophylaxis is no longer recommended. At
present, these areas include Cambodia, south-eastern Myanmar and Thailand.
Other diseases
Information on the main infectious disease threats to travellers, their geographical distribution and
corresponding precautions, as well as information on vaccine-preventable diseases, is provided on the WHO
Travel Advice website.
16
Many countries around the world are experiencing or are at risk of measles outbreaks, which may be
exacerbated by COVID-19-related interruptions to immunization programmes. Measles is the most
contagious human viral disease which affects susceptible individuals of all ages.
WHO has previously communicated advice for international travel in relation to measles.
17
Travellers who
are uncertain of their measles vaccination status should receive at least one dose of measles vaccine at least
two weeks prior to departure. Information about the current epidemiological situation and public health
response can be found on the WHO website.
18
The additional health measures for entry requirement due to
outbreak are published on the Travel Advice website under the latest update section
19
. Should these
requirements become permanent, they will be included in the country list.
16
WHO Travel Advice web page, see: https://www.who.int/travel-advice.
17
WHO advice for international travel in relation to measles, June 2019, https://www.who.int/ith/WHO-advice-for-international-travel-in-
relation-to-measles.pdf?ua=1.
18
Global overview of reported cases, see: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/measles---number-of-reported-
cases.
19
Additional health measures in relation with measles outbreaks in the Pacific Island Countries 23 December 2019:
https://www.who.int/ith/Additional-health-measures-in-relation-with-measles-outbreaks-in-the-Pacific-Island-Countries.pdf?ua=1
6
Country List
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Vaccination requirements and recommendations for international travellers; and malaria
situation per country
AFGHANISTAN
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk due to P. falciparum and P. vivax exists from May through November below 2000 m.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
Other country requirement(s) (2019)
Proof of polio vaccination is required for travellers coming from a polio-endemic country. For residents or
travellers who stay in Afghanistan for more than 4 weeks, a proof of polio vaccination may be required when
departing from Afghanistan. This vaccination should be received between 4 weeks and 12 months before the
date of departure.
ALBANIA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
ALGERIA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Country certified malaria-free in 2019.
21
AMERICAN SAMOA see UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
ANDORRA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
ANGOLA
Yellow fever (2015)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 9
months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
20
In this publication, the terms “country” and “countries” refer to countries, territories and areas.
21
For a list of countries and territories certified malaria-free by WHO, see: https://www.who.int/malaria/areas/elimination/malaria-
free-countries/en/ , accessed 19 July 2020.
7
ANGUILLA see UNITED KINGDOM
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
Yellow fever (2017)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
ARGENTINA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to Corrientes and Misiones provinces.
Generally not recommended for travellers going to Formosa Province and designated areas of Chaco, Jujuy
and Salta provinces.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas and provinces not listed above.
Malaria (2020)
Country certified malaria-free in 2019.
21
ARMENIA
Yellow fever (2018)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
ARUBA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. Entry will be denied
if a valid vaccination certificate cannot be provided.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
ASCENSION ISLAND see UNITED KINGDOM
AUSTRALIA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission (with the exception of Galápagos Islands
in Ecuador) and for travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk
of yellow fever transmission (with the same exception as mentioned above).
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
AUSTRIA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Deleted:
20
8
AZERBAIJAN
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk due exclusively to P. vivax exists from June through October in lowland areas, mainly in the area
between the Kura and Arax rivers. There is no malaria transmission in Baku city (the capital city). No locally
acquired cases have been reported since 2013.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: A
AZORES see PORTUGAL
BAHAMAS
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
BAHRAIN
Yellow fever (2018)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
BANGLADESH
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited
through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk exists throughout the year with a peak during monsoon (May
-
October); transmission occurs only
in 13 of 64 districts (both rural and urban areas). The risk is high in Chittagong Hill Tract districts (Bandarban,
Rangamati and Khagrachari), Chittogram district and Cox’s Bazar district. Low risk exists in the districts of
Hobigonj, Kurigram, Moulvibazar, Mymensingh, Netrakona, Sherpur, Sunamgonj and Sylhet. Most parts of
the country, including Dhaka City, have no risk of malaria.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
BARBADOS
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission (with the exception of Guyana and
Trinidad and Tobago unless an outbreak is occurring).
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
9
BELARUS
Yellow fever (2015)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
BELGIUM
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
BELIZE
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited
through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. vivax exists in some areas of Stan Creek and is negligible elsewhere.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: A
BENIN
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 9
months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
BERMUDA see UNITED KINGDOM
BHUTAN
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk exists throughout the year in the southern belt of the country, which comprises seven districts:
Chukha, Dagana, Pemagatshel, Samdrup Jongkhar, Samtse, Sarpang and Zhemgang. No transmission occurs
in the four following districts: Bumthang, Gasa, Paro and Thimphu. Seasonal transmission during the rainy
summer months occurs in focal areas in the rest of the country.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas and seasons: C
BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
Yellow fever (2018)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to the following areas east of the Andes below
2300 m: the entire departments of Beni, Pando and Santa Cruz; and designated areas of the departments of
Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz and Tarija.
10
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas above 2300 m and all areas not listed
above, including the cities of La Paz and Sucre.
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due almost exclusively to P. vivax (99.9%) exists throughout the year in the entire country
below 2500 m. The risk of malaria is highest in the northern departments of Beni and Pando, especially in
the localities of Riberalta, Guayaramerín and Sena.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: B
BONAIRE
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Yellow fever (2017)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
BOTSWANA
Yellow fever (2018)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from or having transited through a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists from November through May/June in the northern parts
of the country: Bobirwa, Boteti, Chobe, Ngamiland, Okavango and Tutume districts/subdistricts.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
BRAZIL
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Distrito
Federal (including the capital city of Brasília), Espirito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso
do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa
Catarina, Sao Paulo, Tocantins; as well as to designated areas of Bahia State. Vaccination is also recommended
for travellers visiting Iguazu Falls.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas not listed above, including the cities of
Fortaleza and Recife.
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due to P. vivax (88.8%), P. falciparum (10.6%) and mixed infections (0.5%) exists in most
forested areas below 900 m within the nine states of the Amazon region (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão,
Mato Grosso [northern part], Pará [except Belém City], Rondônia, Roraima and Tocantins [western part]).
Transmission intensity varies from one municipality to another and is higher in jungle-mining areas, in
agricultural settlements, in indigenous areas, and in some peripheral urban areas of Cruzeiro do Sul, Manaus
and Pôrto Velho. Malaria also occurs on the periphery of large cities such as Boa Vista, Macapá, Maraba, Rio
Branco and Santarém. In the states outside the administrative region of Amazonas, the risk of malaria
transmission is negligible or non-existent, but there is a residual risk of P. vivax transmission in Atlantic forest
areas of the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo. Detailed information on the
epidemiological situation of malaria in Brazil is available at www.saude.gov.br/malaria.
11
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: B in P. vivax risk areas; C in P. falciparum risk areas
BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS see UNITED KINGDOM
BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY
Yellow fever (2017)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
Human P. knowlesi infection has been reported.
WHO recommended prevention: B
Other country requirement(s) (2019)
Polio vaccination is required for travellers arriving from polio-affected countries (polio-exporting countries).
BULGARIA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
BURKINA FASO
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 9
months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
BURUNDI
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 9
months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
CABO VERDE
Yellow fever (2020
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
12
Limited malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists from August through November in Santiago
Island and in Boa Vista Island.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: A
CAMBODIA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due to P. falciparum and P. vivax exists throughout the year in forested rural areas. Phnom Penh
and areas close to Tonle Sap (Siem Reap) are not at risk. Risk within the tourist area surrounding Angkor
Wat is negligible. P. falciparum resistance to artesunate, mefloquine, lumefantrine and piperaquine has been
reported in western Cambodia and extends to the centre of the country. P. vivax resistance to chloroquine has
been reported in eastern Cambodia.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
CAMEROON
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 1 year
or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
CANADA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
CANARY ISLANDS see SPAIN
CAYMAN ISLANDS see UNITED KINGDOM
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 9
months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
CHAD
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
13
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to areas south of the Sahara Desert.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas within the Sahara Desert.
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
CHILE
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
CHINA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited
through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. This requirement does not apply to
travellers whose itineraries are limited to Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) and Macao SAR.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
China has achieved tremendous success in malaria elimination. Since 2017, no indigenous cases have been
reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: A
CHRISTMAS ISLAND
(Indian Ocean)
Yellow fever (2019)
Same requirements as mainland Australia.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
COLOMBIA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from Angola, Brazil, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda, and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport from the same countries.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to Colombia except for the areas described below.
Generally not recommended for travellers going to the cities of Barranquilla, Cali, Cartagena and Medellín.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to all areas above 2300 m, the department of
San Andrès y Providencia, and the capital city of Bogotá.
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk is high in the following municipalities of the departments of Antioquia (El Bagre, Vigía del
Fuerte, Segovia, Tarazá, Zaragoza, Cáceres, Nechí, Murindó, Anorí, Remedios, Mutatá, Frontino, San Pedro
de Urabá, Dabeiba, Valdivia and Caucasia), Amazonas (Tarapacá, La Pedrera, Puerto Nariño, Leticia, Miriti-
Paraná and La Chorrera), Bolívar (Montecristo, Norosi, Tiquisio and San Pablo), Cauca (Timbiquí), Chocó
(Bagadó, Nóvita, Lloró, Tadó, Río Quito, El Cantón del San Pablo, Río Iro, Atrato, Bojaya, San José del
Palmar, Quibdó, Bajo Baudó, Medio San Juan, Carmen de Darien, Nuquí, Medio Baudó, Alto Baudó, Istmina,
Bahía Solano, Medio Atrato, Juradó, Sipí, Unión Panamericana, Condoto and Certegui), Córdoba (Puerto
Libertador and Tierralta), Guainía (Inirida and La Guadalupe), Nariño (Roberto Payán, Olaya Herrera, El
Charco, Mosquera, Barbacoas, Santa Barbara, Magüi, Francisco Pizarro and San Andrés de Tumaco),
14
Risaralda (Pueblo Rico and La Virginia), Valle del Cauca (Cartago), Vaupés (Taraira and Yavarate) and
Vichada (Puerto Carreño and Cumaribo).
Malaria risk is moderate in the following municipalities of the departments of Antioquia (Urrao, Chigorodó,
Apartadó, Necoclí and Yondo), Amazonas (El Encanto and Puerto Santander), Bolívar (Santa Rosa del Sur
and Río Viejo), Cauca (Guapi and López), Chocó (El Litoral de San Juan, Riosucio, Acandí and Unguía),
Córdoba (San José de Uré and La Apartada), Guaviare (San José de Guaviare, Miraflores, Calamar and El
Retorno), Nariño (La Tola) and Vaupés (Pacoa).
A lesser risk exists in some municipalities of Amazonas, Caqueta, Guaviare, Guainia, Meta, Putumayo,
Vaupes and Vichada.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
COMOROS
Yellow fever (2015)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
CONGO
Yellow fever (2018)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 9
months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
COOK ISLANDS
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
COSTA RICA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission with the addition of Tanzania and
Zambia in the African region; the exception of Argentina and Panama in the Americas; and the following
specifications for these countries: Colombia (the entire country except Barranquilla, Cali, Cartagena, Medellín
and San Andrés Providencia y Bogotá); Ecuador (applies only to Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza,
Sucumbíos y Zamora-Chinchipe, and excludes the rest of the country); Paraguay (the entire country except
Asunción, the capital); Peru (the entire country except Lima, the capital, Cuzco, el Machu Picchu, la Ruta de
los Incas, Lambayeque, Tumbes, Piura and Cajamarca); Trinidad and Tobago (the entire country except the
urban areas of Port of Spain, and for travellers in transit or whose itineraries are limited to the island of
Tobago).
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Very low malaria risk was historically due almost exclusively to P. vivax. Negligible or no risk of malaria
transmission exists in the country.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: A
15
CÔTE D’IVOIRE
Yellow fever (2013)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 9
months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
CROATIA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
CUBA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
CURAÇAO
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
CYPRUS
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
CZECHIA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Yellow fever (prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Limited malaria risk due exclusively to P. vivax exists in some southern areas.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: A
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
Yellow fever (2017)
16
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 9
months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2017)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
DENMARK
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
DJIBOUTI
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
DOMINICA
Yellow fever (2017)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from the states of Mina Gerais, Espirito Santo, Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in Brazil and for
travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of the same states in Brazil.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due exclusively to P. falciparum exists throughout the year, especially in the western provinces
of Dajabón, Elias Pina and San Juan. In 2015, transmission increased in the National District and the provinces
of Santo Domingo and La Altagracia, specifically in Bávaro district. Risk in other areas is low-to-negligible.
There is no evidence of P. falciparum resistance to any antimalarial drug.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
ECUADOR
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from Brazil, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of the same countries.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to the following provinces east of the Andes
below 2300 m: Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Sucumbios and Zamora-Chinchipe, and the
province west of the cordillera, Esmeraldas.
Generally not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the following provinces west of the
Andes including below 2300 m: Guayas, Los Rios, Santa Helena and Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, and
17
designated areas of Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Imbabura, Loja, Pichincha
and Tungurahua.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to all areas above 2300 m, the cities of
Guayaquil and Quito, and the Galápagos Islands.
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk due to P. vivax (67%) and P. falciparum (33%) exists throughout the year below 1500 m, with
moderate risk in coastal provinces. Risk is low in Quito and in provinces that are part of the Inter-Andean or
Sierra region. Risk of P. vivax malaria is present in some provinces of the country, predominantly in the
Amazon region, especially the provinces of Morona Santiago, Pastaza, Orellana and Sucumbíos. Risk of P.
falciparum malaria is present in some provinces of the country with predominance on the coast, especially the
province of Esmeraldas, as well as in the Amazon region, especially the provinces of Pastaza and Morano
Santiago.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
EGYPT
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission (with the addition of Eritrea, Rwanda,
Somalia, United Republic of Tanzania and Zambia) and for travellers having transited for more than 12 hours
through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission (with the same additions mentioned
above). In the absence of a vaccination certificate, the individual will be detained in quarantine for up to 6
days of departure from an area at risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Very limited malaria risk due to P. falciparum and P. vivax may exist from June through October in El Faiyûm
Governorate. No indigenous cases have been reported since 1998.
WHO recommended prevention: none
Other country requirement(s) (2020)
Polio vaccination is requested regardless of age and vaccination status; proof of receipt of a dose of oral polio
vaccine (bOPV) or inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in the form of an international vaccination certificate,
as specified in Annex 6 of the IHR, issued within the previous 12 months and at least 4 weeks before departure
is required for travellers arriving from Afghanistan, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New
Guinea and Somalia to apply for an entry visa. Proof of receipt of a dose of bOPV or IPV in the form of an
international vaccination certificate, as specified in Annex 6 of the IHR, issued within the previous 12 months
and at least 4 weeks before departure is required from all travellers arriving from Angola, Benin, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique,
Niger and Philippines.
EL SALVADOR
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Very limited malaria risk due almost exclusively to P. vivax exists in rural areas prone to migration from Central
American countries. Sporadic P. vivax malaria cases are reported from specific parts of the country.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: A
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
Yellow fever (2019)
18
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
ERITREA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: in general, no
Generally not recommended for travellers going to the following states: Anseba, Debub, Gash Barka, Mae
Kel and Semenawi Keih Bahri.
Not recommended for all other areas not listed above, including the islands of the Dahlak Archipelago.
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due to P. falciparum (65%) and P. vivax (35%) exists throughout the year in the entire country
below 2200 m. There is no risk in Asmara.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
ESTONIA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
ESWATINI
Yellow fever (2018)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited
through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in all low veld areas (mainly Big
Bend, Mhlume, Simunye and Tshaneni). Risk is highest from November through May.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
ETHIOPIA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over, except as mentioned below.
Generally not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to Afar and Somali provinces.
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due to approximately 60% P. falciparum and 40% P. vivax exists throughout the year in the
entire country below 2000 m. P. vivax resistance to chloroquine reported. There is no malaria risk in Addis
Ababa.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS) see UNITED KINGDOM
19
FAROE ISLANDS
Yellow fever (2013)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
FIJI
Yellow fever (2016)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
FINLAND
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
FRANCE
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
FRENCH GUIANA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 1 year
or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due to P. falciparum (45%) and P. vivax (55%) is high throughout the year in 9 municipalities of
the territory bordering Brazil (Oiapoque river valley) and Suriname (Maroni river valley). In the other 13
municipalities, transmission risk is low or negligible. Multidrug-resistant P. falciparum has been reported in
areas influenced by Brazilian migration.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
FRENCH POLYNESIA
Yellow fever (2013)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
GABON
Yellow fever (2016)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 1 year
or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
20
GALAPAGOS ISLANDS see ECUADOR
GAMBIA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
GEORGIA
Yellow fever (2018)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2018)
Limited malaria risk due exclusively to P. vivax may exist locally from June through October in the eastern
part of the country bordering Azerbaijan. No locally-acquired cases have been reported since 2010.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: A
Other country requirement(s) (2018)
A polio vaccination certificate is required from travellers arriving from countries and territories with risk of
polio transmission. Travellers who are not vaccinated or are unable to present the vaccination certificate are
offered oral polio vaccine at the border.
GERMANY
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
GHANA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 9
months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
GIBRALTAR see UNITED KINGDOM
GREECE
Yellow fever (2017)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2017)
Very limited malaria risk (P. vivax only) may exist from May through October in certain high-risk agricultural
areas.
WHO recommended prevention in high-risk agricultural areas: A
21
GREENLAND
Yellow fever (2013)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
GRENADA
Yellow fever (2015)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
GUADELOUPE
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
GUAM see UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
GUATEMALA
Yellow fever (2017)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2017)
Malaria risk due almost exclusively to P. vivax (99.9%) exists throughout the year below 1500 m.
Malaria risk is highest in the departments of Escuintla (especially in the municipalities of Gomera, Masagua,
Santa Lucia Cotzumalguapa and Tiquisate) and Alta Verapaz (in the municipalities of Telemán, Panzós and
La Tinta).
Malaria risk is moderate in the departments of Suchitepéquez, Retalhuleu and Izabal.
Malaria risk is low in the rest of the departments (Chiquimula, Zacapa, Baja Verapaz, San Marcos, Peten,
Jutiapa, Jalapa, El Progreso, Santa Rosa, Guatemala, Chimaltenango, Huehuetenango and Quiche).
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: B
GUINEA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
GUINEA-BISSAU
Yellow fever (2019)
22
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 1 year
or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
GUYANA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year or
over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission (with the exception of Argentina, Paraguay,
Trinidad and Tobago) and for travellers having transited for more than 4 hours through an airport of a country
with risk of yellow fever transmission (with the same exceptions as mentioned above).
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due to P. vivax (32%), P. falciparum (34%) and mixed infections (9%) is high throughout the
year in all parts of the interior. Risk is highest in regions 1, 7, 8 and parts of 9, and very low in regions 2, 3,
10 and parts of 6 with no risk in regions 4 and 5. Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum malaria is reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
HAITI
Yellow fever (2017)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year or
over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due exclusively to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country. No chloroquine-
resistant P. falciparum has been reported.
WHO recommended prevention: C
HONDURAS
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due to P. vivax (79%), P. falciparum (20%) and mixed infections (~0.8%) exists. P. vivax
transmission risk is high in the departments of Colon and Gracias a Dios and moderate in Atlántida, El Paraiso,
Olancho and Yoro. P. falciparum transmission risk is high in Colon and Gracias a Dios. No chloroquine-
resistant P. falciparum has been reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: B in P. vivax and mixed-risk areas; C in P. falciparum risk
areas.
HUNGARY
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
ICELAND
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
23
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
INDIA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: anyone (except infants up to the age of 9 months) arriving by air or sea
without a yellow fever vaccination certificate is detained in isolation for up to 6 days if that person (i) arrives
within 6 days of departure from an area with risk of yellow fever transmission, or (ii) has been in such an area
in transit (except those passengers and members of the crew who, while in transit through an airport situated
in an area with risk of yellow fever transmission, remained within the airport premises during the period of
their entire stay and the Health Officer agrees to such exemption), or (iii) arrives on a ship that started from
or touched at any port in an area with risk of yellow fever transmission up to 30 days before its arrival in India,
unless such a ship has been disinsected in accordance with the procedure laid down by WHO, or (iv) arrives
on an aircraft that has been in an area with risk of yellow fever transmission and has not been disinsected in
accordance with the Indian Aircraft Public Health Rules, 1954, or as recommended by WHO.
Countries and areas regarded as having risk of yellow fever transmission are, in Africa: Angola, Benin,
Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Côte dʼIvoire, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya,
Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, Togo and
Uganda; and in the Americas: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad only) and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic
of). Note: When a case of yellow fever is reported from any country, that country is regarded by the
Government of India as a country with risk of yellow fever transmission and is added to the above list.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk due to P. falciparum and P. vivax exists throughout the year in the entire country below 2000 m.
The majority of malaria in India is reported from the eastern and central parts of the country and from states
which have large forest, hilly and tribal areas. These states include
Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra and some north-eastern states such as Tripura, Meghalaya and Mizoram. There is no
transmission in parts of the states of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Sikkim.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
Other country requirement(s) (2018)
Proof of oral polio vaccination at least 4 weeks before departure for resident national travellers from polio-
endemic countries (Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan) and countries with poliovirus circulation following
importation (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Syrian Arab Republic) is required.
INDONESIA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk exists throughout the year in most areas of the five eastern provinces of East Nusa Tenggara,
Maluku, North Maluku, Papua and West Papua. In other parts of the country, there is malaria risk in some
districts, except in Jakarta municipality, in cities and urban areas, and in the areas of the main tourist resorts.
P. vivax resistance to chloroquine has been reported. Human P. knowlesi infection has been reported in the
province of Kalimantan.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
Other country requirement(s) (2019):
Proof of meningococcal (groups A, C, Y and W-135) meningitis vaccination is required for travellers
departing to and arriving from Saudi Arabia.
IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
24
Yellow fever (2018)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due to P. vivax and very limited risk due to P. falciparum exist from March through November
in rural areas of the provinces of Hormozgan and Kerman (tropical part) and the southern part of Sistan and
Baluchestan.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
Other country requirement(s) (2018)
Proof of polio vaccination between 4 weeks and 12 months prior to arrival to Iran is required for all travellers
of all ages arriving from a polio-endemic country (Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan). If such a certificate cannot
be presented, travellers will receive a dose of polio vaccine at entry.
IRAQ
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Limited malaria risk due exclusively to P. vivax may exist from May through November in areas in the north
below 1500 m (Duhok, Erbil and Sulaimaniya provinces). No indigenous cases have been reported since 2009.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: none
Other country requirement(s) (2020)
Poliomyelitis: A passenger coming to the Republic of Iraq from polio-endemic countries (Afghanistan and
Pakistan) must: (i) provide a certificate of vaccination for children under 15 years of age attesting that they
have received three doses of polio vaccine prior to obtaining the entry visa to the Iraqi territory; (ii) provide a
certificate of vaccination for adults attesting receipt of oral polio vaccine within a period of 1
-
12 months prior
to granting the entry visa; and (iii) if the certificates of oral polio vaccine cannot be provided, all arrivals from
polio-endemic countries through border crossings shall be vaccinated. Passengers departing from Iraq to polio-
endemic countries must: (i) vaccinate their children according to the national vaccination schedule; (ii) ensure
that adults received three doses; and (iii) those who have already received the required doses should preferably
take a dose of injectable polio vaccine (booster dose) and document such doses by an official vaccination
certificate.
Meningococcal meningitis: Meningococcal (groups A, C, Y and W-135) meningitis vaccination must be
given to Iraqi passengers departing to countries of the African meningitis belt, as well as to Hajj and Umrah
performers. Meningococcal ACWY vaccine must be given to passengers coming to the Republic of Iraq
from the countries of the African meningitis belt 10 days before their entry into the Republic of Iraq, as this
disease is endemic in such countries.
IRELAND
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
ISRAEL
Yellow fever (200)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
25
ITALY
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
JAMAICA
Yellow fever (2017)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
JAPAN
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
JORDAN (2020)
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Other country requirement(s) (2020)
Proof of receipt of a dose of oral polio vaccine (OPV) or inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), within the
previous 12 months and at least 4 weeks before departure, is required for travellers arriving from polio-
endemic countries as determined by WHO to apply for an entry visa.
KAZAKHSTAN
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers arriving from
countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited through an airport of a
country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
KENYA
Yellow fever (prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over, except as mentioned below.
Generally not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the following areas: the entire North
Eastern Province; the states of Kilifi, Kwale, Lamu, Malindi and Tanariver in Coastal Province; and the cities
of Nairobi and Mombasa.
Malaria (prior to 2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country. Normally,
there is little risk in the city of Nairobi and in the highlands (above 2500 m) of Central, Eastern, Nyanza, Rift
Valley and Western provinces.
WHO recommended prevention: C
26
KIRIBATI
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
KOREA, REPUBLIC OF, see REPUBLIC OF KOREA
KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF, see DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC
OF KOREA
KUWAIT
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
KYRGYZSTAN
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country except in
Vientiane.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
LATVIA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
LEBANON
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Other country requirement(s) (2020)
Polio vaccination is required for travellers going to affected countries, in accordance with WHO
recommendations. Proof of meningococcal (groups A, C, Y and W-135) meningitis vaccination is required
for travellers going to Hajj, Umrah and to some African countries.
LESOTHO
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
27
LIBERIA
Yellow fever (2018)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
LIBYA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Other country requirement(s) (2019)
Proof of meningococcal (groups A, C, Y and W-135) meningitis vaccination is required.
Proof of polio vaccination administered between 4 weeks and 12 months prior to entry is required from
travellers arriving from Afghanistan and Pakistan.
LIECHTENSTEIN
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
LITHUANIA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
LUXEMBOURG
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
MADAGASCAR
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country, with the
highest risk in coastal areas.
WHO recommended prevention: C
MADEIRA ISLANDS see PORTUGAL
28
MALAWI
Yellow fever (2013)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
MALAYSIA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk exists only in limited foci in the deep hinterland of the states of Sabah and Sarawak and the central
areas of Peninsular Malaysia. Urban, suburban and coastal areas are free from malaria. Human P. knowlesi
infection has been reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
MALDIVES
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Other country requirement(s) (2016)
Proof of polio vaccination is required for persons travelling to and from countries exporting poliovirus as well
as for Hajj and Umrah pilgrims.
MALI
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 9
months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to areas south of the Sahara Desert.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas within the Sahara Desert.
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
MALTA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. If indicated on
epidemiological grounds, infants under 9 months of age are subject to isolation or surveillance if arriving from
an area with risk of yellow fever transmission.
29
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
MARSHALL ISLANDS
Yellow fever (prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
MARTINIQUE
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
MAURITANIA
Yellow fever (2013)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to areas south of the Sahara Desert.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas within the Sahara Desert.
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country except in
northern areas (Dakhlet-Nouadhibou and Tiris-Zemour). In Adrar and Inchiri there is malaria risk during the
rainy season (from July through October).
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
MAURITIUS
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
MAYOTTE
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
Significant reduction in malaria burden with the island transitioning into an elimination phase. Low malaria
risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year.
WHO recommended prevention: C
MEXICO
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
30
Malaria risk due almost exclusively to P. vivax exists intermittently throughout the year in some rural areas
that are not often visited by tourists. Low risk exists in some localities in Chiapas State (Costa). Localities
with very low risk are situated in the states of Chihuahua, Durango, Nayarit, Quintana Roo and Sinaloa.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: A
MICRONESIA (FEDERATED STATES OF)
Yellow fever (prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
MONACO
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
MONGOLIA
Yellow fever (2016)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
MONTENEGRO
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
MONTSERRAT
Yellow fever (2017)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited
through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
MOROCCO
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Other country requirement(s) (2019)
An international certificate of immunization, attesting to the taking of a dose of poliomyelitis vaccine within
the previous 12 months and at least 4 weeks prior to departure, is required for all travellers from poliomyelitis-
affected countries.
MOZAMBIQUE
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
31
MYANMAR
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in remote rural, hilly and forested
areas of the country, as well as in some coastal areas in Rahkine State. There is no transmission in cities and
urban areas. The central plains and the dry zone are generally free of malaria, but some pockets of transmission
still exist. Mefloquine resistance has been reported in Kayin State and the eastern part of Shan State. Emerging
artemisinin resistance is suspected in south-eastern Myanmar. P. vivax resistance to chloroquine has been
reported. Human P. knowlesi infection has been reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
NAMIBIA
Yellow fever (2018)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due to P. falciparum exists from November through June in the following regions: Ohangwena,
Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto and Otjozondjupa. Risk exists throughout the year along the Kunene
river in Kunene Region, the Zambezi river in Zambezi Region, and the Okavango river in Kavango regions
(West and East).
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
NAURU
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
NEPAL
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Malaria infection is present in southern Terai region, mostly inner Terai (plain land) – along the forests,
foothills, forest fringes and in upper hilly river valleys. Malaria transmission is mostly seasonal (March–
October); peak months are during the rainy season (May–August). The risk is due predominantly to P. vivax
with occasional outbreaks of P. falciparum from July through October.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
Other country requirement(s) (2020)
Polio vaccination is required for travellers arriving from Afghanistan, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan and Papua
New Guinea.
32
NETHERLANDS
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
NEW CALEDONIA
Yellow fever (2013)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Note. In the event of an epidemic threat to the territory, a specific vaccination certificate may be required.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
NEW ZEALAND
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
NICARAGUA
Yellow fever (2018)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due to P. vivax (79.2%) and P. falciparum (20.8%) exists throughout the year in a number of
municipalities, mainly in Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte, with sporadic transmission also reported in
Boaca, Chinandega, Jinoteca, Léon and Matagalpa. Cases are reported from other municipalities in the central
and western departments but the risk in these areas is considered to be very low or negligible. Risk due to P.
falciparum is high mainly in Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte, specifically in the municipalities of
Rosita, Siuna, Bonanza, Puerto Cabezas and Waspán. No chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: B in P. vivax risk areas; C in P. falciparum risk areas
NIGER
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 9
months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to areas south of the Sahara Desert.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas within the Sahara Desert.
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
Other country requirement(s) (2020)
Proof of meningococcal (groups A, C, Y and W-135) meningitis vaccination is required for travellers going
to Hajj and Umrah.
NIGERIA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 9
months or over.
33
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
NIUE
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
NORFOLK ISLAND see AUSTRALIA
NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS see UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
NORTH MACEDONIA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
NORWAY
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
OMAN
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Sporadic transmission of P. falciparum and P. vivax may occur subsequent to international importations of
parasites. In 2010, local outbreaks of P. falciparum and P. vivax were reported in Ash Sharqiyah North
Governorate. Local cases were also reported in 2011 and 2012.
WHO recommended prevention: none
Other country requirement(s) (2020)
Polio vaccination is required for travellers arriving from polio-exporting countries.
PAKISTAN
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk due to P. vivax and P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country below 2000 m,
especially in rural areas from July through December.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
Other country requirement(s) (2019)
34
Administration of mandatory oral polio vaccine (OPV) to all outgoing international travellers and incoming
long-term visitors (i.e. > 4 weeks) of all ages. An International Certificate of Vaccination will be issued as
proof of vaccination.
PALAU
Yellow fever (prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
PANAMA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year or
over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to mainland areas east of the area surrounding
the Canal (the entire comarcas of Emberá and Kuna Yala, the province of Darién, and areas of the provinces
of Colón and Panama that are east of the Canal).
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas west of the Canal, the city of Panama,
the Canal area itself, Balboa Islands (Pearl Islands) and San Blas Islands.
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. vivax (97%) exists throughout the year in the following provinces and
comarcas along the Atlantic coast and the borders with Costa Rica and Colombia: Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí,
Colón, Darién, Kuna Yala, Ngäbe Buglé, Panama, and Veraguas. In Panama City, the Canal Zone, and other
provinces, the risk of malaria transmission is negligible or non-existent.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: B; in eastern endemic areas bordering Colombia: C
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited
through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country below
1800 m. P. vivax resistance to chloroquine has been reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
PARAGUAY
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over, except as mentioned below.
Generally not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the city of Asunción.
Malaria (2020)
Very low risk of malaria; the last indigenous case was in 2011. Some receptivity and vulnerability persist in
historically endemic departments such as Alto Paraná, Canindeyú and Caaguazú, exclusively for P. vivax.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: A
PERU
Yellow fever (2020)
35
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to areas below 2300 m in the regions of
Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Martin, Ucayali, Puno, Cuzco, Junín, Pasco and Huánuco and going
to designated areas of the following regions: far-north of Apurimac, far-northern Huancavelica, far-
northeastern Ancash, eastern La Libertad, northern and eastern Cajamarca, northern and northeastern
Ayacucho, and eastern Piura.
Generally not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the following areas west of the
Andes: regions of Lambayeque and Tumbes and the designated areas of western Piura and south, west and
central Cajamarca.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the following areas: all areas above 2300 m,
areas west of the Andes not listed above, the city of Cuzco, the capital city of Lima, Machu Picchu and the
Inca Trail.
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due to P. vivax (80%) and P. falciparum (20%) exists throughout the year in rural areas in inter-
Andean valleys below 2500 m. Twelve departments in the country reported indigenous malaria cases; 90% of
cases are concentrated in the department of Loreto and 16% of the total cases are due to P. falciparum from
Loreto.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: B in P. vivax risk areas; C in Loreto Region
PHILIPPINES
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk exists throughout the year in 9 remaining endemic provinces (Palawan, Sultan Kudarat, Davao del
Norte, Maguindanao, Sulu, Mindoro occidental, Tawi-tawi, Cagayan Valley and Davao City).
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
Other country requirement(s) (2019):
International certificate of polio vaccination is required for travellers arriving from or going to high-risk
countries. Meningococcal vaccine is required for Hajj pilgrims.
PITCAIRN ISLANDS
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
POLAND
Yellow fever (2018)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
PORTUGAL
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
36
PUERTO RICO
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
QATAR
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Other country requirement(s) (2020)
International certificate of polio vaccination is required in accordance with the International Health
Regulations (IHR, Annex 6) for all travellers arriving from polio-exporting countries (Afghanistan, Nigeria,
Pakistan and Philippines).
REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
Limited malaria risk due exclusively to P. vivax exists mainly in the northern areas of Gangwon-do and
Gyeonggi-do provinces and in Incheon City (towards the demilitarized zone or DMZ).
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: A
REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
REUNION
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
ROMANIA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Very limited malaria risk due exclusively to P. vivax may exist in areas under the influence of intense
migration from southern countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
WHO recommended prevention: none
RWANDA
Yellow fever (2016)
37
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: in general, no
Generally not recommended for travellers going to Rwanda
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
SABA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SAINT BARTHELEMY
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SAINT HELENA
Yellow fever (2017)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
Yellow fever (2017)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Other country requirement(s) (2016)
Oral polio vaccination is required for travellers arriving from polio-endemic countries as identified by WHO.
SAINT LUCIA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SAINT MARTIN
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELON
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
38
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
Yellow fever (prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SAMOA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SAN MARINO
Yellow fever (prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE
Yellow fever (2015)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited
through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: in general, no
Generally not recommended for travellers going to São Tomé and Príncipe.
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
SAUDI ARABIA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year or
over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for more
than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
The country is in the pre-elimination phase of malaria. Local transmission is reported only in villages on the
border with Yemen (except in the high-altitude areas of Asir Province) due predominantly to P. falciparum
and mainly from September through January. The infection rate is reduced to less than 0.3 cases per 100 000
inhabitants. No risk exists in the cities of Mecca and Medina.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
Other country requirement(s) (2019)
Meningococcal meningitis
Adults and children aged over 2 years arriving for Umrah, Hajj or for seasonal work in Hajj zones, are required
to submit a valid vaccination certificate with a quadrivalent (ACYW) meningococcal vaccine administered
not less than 10 days prior to the planned arrival in Saudi Arabia. Vaccination with ONE of the following
vaccines is acceptable:
• quadrivalent (ACYW) polysaccharide vaccine within the last 3 years;
• quadrivalent (ACYW) conjugate vaccine within the last 5 years.
39
Current scientific evidence suggests that conjugate vaccines are safe and effective for those above 55 years of
age. Health authorities at the pilgrim countries should ensure vaccination of their pilgrims within the required
validity period and make sure that the type of vaccine is clearly shown on the vaccination certificate.
If the vaccine type is not indicated in the certificate, the certificate will be valid for 3 years.
Vaccination with quadrivalent (ACYW) conjugate vaccine is also required for:
• domestic pilgrims;
• residents of the two holy cities (Mecca and Medina);
• any person who may come in contact with pilgrims, including personnel in health-care settings and
other authorities.
The Ministry of Health in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia may opt to administer prophylactic antibiotics to some
travellers at the points of entry if deemed necessary.
Poliomyelitis
Travellers from areas with active poliovirus transmission (i.e. those with active transmission of a wild or
vaccine-derived poliovirus) and from countries at risk of polio reintroduction are required to submit a valid
polio vaccination certificate.
Travellers arriving from Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, Myanmar, Niger,
Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Syrian Arab Republic, Somalia and Yemen should present proof of
vaccination with at least one of the following vaccines:
• at least one dose of bivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV) within the previous 12 months and
administered at least 4 weeks prior to arrival; or
• at least one dose of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) within the previous 12 months and administered
at least 4 weeks prior to arrival.
Travellers arriving from Afghanistan, Myanmar, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Syrian Arab Republic,
Somalia and Yemen will also receive one dose of OPV at the border points on entry in Saudi Arabia.
SENEGAL
Yellow fever (2016)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited
through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country. There is less
risk from January through June in the central western regions.
WHO recommended prevention: C
SERBIA
Yellow fever (prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SEYCHELLES
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited
through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Other country requirement(s) (2020)
Polio vaccination is required for travellers arriving from countries with polio outbreaks. One dose of measles-
rubella (MR) vaccine is required for migrant worker visa application.
SIERRA LEONE
40
Yellow fever (prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
SINGAPORE
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SINT EUSTATIUS
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 6 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SINT MAARTEN
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SLOVAKIA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SLOVENIA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SOLOMON ISLANDS
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year except in a few outlying eastern
and southern islets. P. vivax resistance to chloroquine has been reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
SOMALIA
Yellow fever (2018)
41
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: in general, no
Generally not recommended for travellers going to the following regions: Bakool, Banaadir, Bay, Gado,
Galgadud, Hiran, Lower Juba, Middle Juba, Lower Shabelle and Middle Shabelle.
Not recommended for all other areas not listed above.
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country. Risk is
relatively low and seasonal in the north; it is higher in the central and southern parts of the country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
Other country requirement(s) (2020)
An international certificate of immunization, attesting to the taking of a dose of poliomyelitis vaccine within
the previous 12 months and at least 4 weeks prior to departure, is required for all travellers.
SOUTH AFRICA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the low-altitude areas of
Mpumalanga Province (including the Kruger National Park), Limpopo Province, and north-eastern KwaZulu-
Natal Province. Risk is highest from October through May.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
SOUTH SUDAN
Yellow fever (2018)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 9
months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
SPAIN
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SRI LANKA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SUDAN
Yellow fever (2015)
42
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to areas south of the Sahara Desert.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas within the Sahara Desert and the city of
Khartoum.
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country. Risk is low
and seasonal in the north; it is higher in the central and southern parts of the country. Malaria risk on the Red
Sea coast is very limited.
WHO recommended prevention: C
SURINAME
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk due to P. falciparum (40%), P. vivax (58%), and mixed infections (2%) continues to decrease in
recent years. Suriname is in the process of malaria elimination. Malaria occurs throughout the year in the
interior of the country beyond the coastal savannah area, with highest risk mainly along the eastern border
and in gold
-
mining areas. Paramaribo city and the other seven coastal districts have been free from malaria
transmission since 1968. P. falciparum resistance to mefloquine has been reported. Some decline in quinine
sensitivity has also been reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
SWEDEN
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SWITZERLAND
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
Yellow fever (2015)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2015)
Very limited malaria risk due exclusively to P. vivax may exist from May through October in foci along the
northern border, especially in rural areas of El Hasaka Governorate. No indigenous cases have been reported
since 2005, but the reporting system has been disrupted since 2010.
WHO recommended prevention: none
Other country requirement(s) (2015)
Polio vaccination is required for travellers arriving from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Pakistan and for
travellers from Syrian Arab Republic going to other countries.
43
TAJIKISTAN
Yellow fever (2017)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2017)
No indigenous cases of P. falciparum have been reported since 2009 and none of P. vivax since 2015. Previous
risk due predominantly to P. vivax existed (from June through October) particularly in southern areas (Khatlon
Region) and in some central (Dushanbe), western (Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region) and northern
(Leninabad Region) areas.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: A
TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLIC OF, see UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
THAILAND
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk exists throughout the year in rural (especially forested and hilly) areas of the country, mainly
toward the international borders, including the southernmost provinces. There is no risk in cities (e.g.
Bangkok, Chiang Mai and Pattaya), urban areas, Samui Island, and the main tourist resorts of Phuket Island.
However, there is a risk in some other areas and islands. P. falciparum resistance to mefloquine and to quinine
has been reported from areas near the borders with Cambodia and Myanmar. Artemisinin resistance has been
reported near the border with Myanmar. P. vivax resistance to chloroquine has been reported. Human
P. knowlesi infection has been reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: A; in areas near Cambodia and Myanmar borders: C
TIMOR-LESTE
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
TOGO
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 9
months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
TOKELAU see NEW ZEALAND
TONGA
Yellow fever (prior to 2013)
44
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to densely-forested areas on the island of
Trinidad.
Not recommended for cruise ship passengers and aircraft passengers in transit or travellers whose itineraries
are limited to the island of Tobago.
TRISTAN DA CUNHA see UNITED KINGDOM
TUNISIA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
TURKS AND CAICOS see UNITED KINGDOM
TURKEY
Yellow fever (2018)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2018)
Local malaria transmission has been interrupted; no locally-acquired cases have been reported since 2010.
There is no malaria risk in the country.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: none
TURKMENISTAN
Yellow fever (2018)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
TUVALU
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
UGANDA
Yellow fever (2018)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travellers aged 1 year
or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
45
WHO recommended prevention: C
UKRAINE
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Other country requirement(s) (2020)
Long-term visitors departing to states with wild or circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus transmission should
present proof of vaccination with at least one dose of bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV) or at least one dose
of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) within the previous 12 months and administered at least 4 weeks prior to
arrival.
Persons obliged to undertake urgent international travel must be immunized with a single dose of polio
vaccine prior to their departure. Travellers will be provided with an International Certificate of Vaccination
or Prophylaxis (ICVP) in accordance with the International Health Regulations to record their polio
vaccination and serve as proof of vaccination.
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
UNITED KINGDOM (WITH CHANNEL ISLANDS AND ISLE OF MAN)
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: in general, no
Generally not recommended for travellers going to United Republic of Tanzania.
Malaria (2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country below
1800 m.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Yellow fever (2020)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS see UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
URUGUAY
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
46
UZBEKISTAN
Yellow fever (prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2018)
Limited malaria risk due exclusively to P. vivax exists from June through October in some villages located in
the southern and eastern parts of the country bordering Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. No locally-
acquired cases have been reported since 2011.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: A
VANUATU
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
Low to moderate malaria risk due predominantly to P. vivax exists throughout the year in most of the country.
P. vivax resistance to chloroquine has been reported. Malaria risk due to P. falciparum is still present.
WHO recommended prevention: C
VENEZUELA (BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF)
Yellow fever (2018)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from Brazil and for travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport in
Brazil.
WHO vaccination recommendation: yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over, except as mentioned below.
Generally not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the following areas: the entire states
of Aragua, Carabobo, Miranda, Vargas and Yaracuy, and the Distrito Federal.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the following areas: all areas above 2300 m
in the states of Merida, Trujillo and Tachira; the states of Falcon and Lara; Margarita Island; the capital city
of Caracas; and the city of Valencia.
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due to P. vivax (74.6%) and P. falciparum (25.4%) is high throughout the year in some areas of
Amazonas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro and Sucre states. There is moderate risk in Zulia State. There is low risk
in Anzoátegui and Monagas states. Risk of P. falciparum malaria is mostly restricted to municipalities in areas
of Amazonas (Alto Orinoco, Atabapo, Atures, Autana and Manapiare), Bolívar (Angostura, Cedeño, El
Callao, Gran Sabana, Heres, Piar, Rocio and Sifontes), Delta Amacuro, and Sucre (Benítez, Bermúdez, Cajigal
and Arismendi) states.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: B in P. vivax risk areas; C in P. falciparum risk areas
VIET NAM
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists in the entire country, excluding urban centres, the Red
River delta, the Mekong delta, and the coastal plain areas of central Viet Nam. High-risk areas are the highland
areas below 1500 m south of 18˚N, notably in the four central highlands provinces of Dak Lak, Dak Nong,
Gia Lai and Kon Tum; in Binh Phuoc Province; and in the western parts of the coastal provinces of Khanh
Hoa, Ninh Thuan, Quang Nam and Quang Tri. Resistance to mefloquine has been reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
47
WAKE ISLAND
Yellow fever (prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
WALLIS AND FUTUNA
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
YEMEN
Yellow fever (prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry: no
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (prior to 2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year, but mainly from September
through February, in the entire country below 2000 m. There is no risk in Sanaʼa city. Malaria risk on
Socotra Island is very limited.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C; Socotra Island: A
ZAMBIA
Yellow fever (2018)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: in general, no
Generally not recommended for travellers going to the following areas: the entire North West and Western
provinces.
Not recommended for all other areas not listed above.
Malaria (2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention: C
ZIMBABWE
Yellow fever (2019)
Country requirement at entry: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 9 months
or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited for
more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation: no
Malaria (2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists from November through June in areas below 1200 m
and throughout the year in the Zambezi valley. In Bulawayo and Harare, risk is negligible.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas: C
= = =
48
© World Health Organization 2020. Some rights reserved. This work is available under the licence
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo.
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any
opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its
authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
