Nahuatl exercises lesson 1

Nahuatl exercises

San Miguel Canoa Vocabulary 2

Pronouns

neh tehhua:n

teh namehhua:n

yeh yehhua:n

Possessable Nouns

calli house

caxtli plate

chantli house

comitl pot

cone:tl child

miztli, mizton cat

itzcui:ntli dog

metl maguey cactus, century plant

metlatl metate

nantli, nantzin mother

tahtli, tahtzin father

petlatl petate

pitzotl pig

yecatzotzo/mahtli handkerchief

ca:mactli mouth

icxitl foot

mahpil finger

maitl hand

na:/caztli ear

tentli lip

tzontecomatl head

xopil toe

xictli navel

Intransitive Verb Stems

calaqui enter pa:qui be happy

cochi sleep pi:na:hua be ashamed

cho:ca cry, weep qui:za emerge, go out

choloa flee tena moan, groan

cuala:ni get angry tlehco climb, ascend

huetzca laugh tzahtzi shout, yell

huetzi fall tzecuini jump

miqui die

Numbers

1 ce 11 mahtlactli hua:n ce

2 o:me 12 mahtlactli hua:n o:me

3 ye:i 13 mahtlactli hua:n ye:i

4 na:hui 14 mahtlactli hua:n na:hui

5 ma:cuil 15 caxto:l

6 chicua:cen 16 caxto:l hua:n ce

7 chico:me 17 caxto:l hua:n o:me

8 chicue:i 18 caxto:l hua:n ye:i

9 chicna:hui 19 caxto:l hua:n na:hui

10 mahtlactli 20 cempo:al

San Miguel Vocabulary 3

Verb Prefixes

Subject Object

ni- ti-....-h nech- tech-

ti- nan-...-h mitz- amech-

-- -- ...-h c- (qui) quin-

Transitive Verb Stems

ahhua scold

ca:hua leave

caqui hear

chi(y)a wait for

e:hua raise, lift, get up (e.g. from bed)

ihto:tia dance

ilca:hua forget

ilna:miqui remember

ilia tell, say (to a person)

itta see

ixmati know (conocer)

maca give

nahuahtequi embrace

no:tza call

tlacza step on (pisar)

cuala:nia anger

mahtia frighten

mictia kill

pa:qui:ltia make happy, cheer up

qui:xtia take out, remove

tlacualtia feed

Numbers

1 ce 11 mahtlactli hua:n ce

2 o:me 12 mahtlactli hua:n o:me

3 ye:i 13 mahtlactli hua:n ye:i

4 na:hui 14 mahtlactli hua:n na:hui

5 ma:cuil 15 caxto:l

6 chicua:cen 16 caxto:l hua:n ce

7 chico:me 17 caxto:l hua:n o:me

8 chicue:i 18 caxto:l hua:n ye:i

9 chicna:hui 19 caxto:l hua:n na:hui

10 mahtlactli 20 cempo:al

.R:E

.S:6

.X:5

.XT:1

Transitive Verb Paradigm (excluding reflexives)

(example verb: itta [see])

subject prefixes are displayed in the far left column

singular objects

nech- mitz- c-/qui-

ni-

-- nimitzitta niquitta

ti-

tinechitta -- tiquitta

--

nechitta tiquitta quitta

ti-...-h

-- timitzittah tiquittah

nan-..-h

nannechittah -- nanquittah

--....-h

nechittah mitzittah quittah

plural objects

te:ch- namech- quin-

ni-

-- namechitta niquinitta

ti-

tite:chitta -- tiquinitta

--

te:chitta namechitta quinitta

ti-...-h

-- tamechittah tiquinittah

nan-..-h

tantechittah -- nanquinittah

--....-h

te:chittah namechittah quinittah

Pattern Exercise 1: transitive verbs;yes/no questions

Answer the following questions according to the model.

Think of who is the subject and who is the object; picture the event.

Model:

Cue: Tine:chahhua?

Ans: Quemah, nimitzahhua.

1. Tine:chahhua?

2. Ticcahua?

3. Nanne:chcaquih?

4. Nanquicaquih?

5. Ne:chchia?

6. Que:hua?

7. Tine:chihto:tia?

8. Tiquilca:hua?

9. Nanne:chilna:miquih?

10. Nanquiliah?

11. Ne:chixmati?

12. Quimaca?

13. Tine:chnahuahtequi?

14. Ticno:tza?

15. Nanne:chtlaczah?

16. Nanquicuala:niah?

17. Ne:chmahtia?

18. Quimictia?

19. Tine:chpa:qui:ltia?

20. Ticqui:xtia?

21. Nanne:chtlacualtiah?

22. Nancahhuah?

23. Ne:chcahua?

24. Quicaqui?

25. Tine:chchia?

Pattern Exercise 2: transitive verbs;yes/no questions

Answer the following questions according to the model.

Think of who is the subject and who is the object; picture the event.

Model:

Cue: Nimitzahhua?

Ans: Quemah, tinechahhua.

1. Nimitzitta?

2. Niccaqui?

3. Mitzchia?

4. Timitzilca:huah?

5. Ticcuala:niah?

6. Nimitzpa:qui:ltia?

7. Niccahua?

8. Mitzcaqui?

9. Timitzchiah?

10. Tiquilca:huah?

11. Nimitzitta?

12. Niccuala:nia?

13. Mitzpa:qui:ltia?

14. Timitzca:huah?

15. Ticcaquih?

16. Nimitzchia?

17. Niquilca:hua?

18. Mitzitta?

19. Timitzcuala:niah?

20. Ticmahtiah?

21. Nimitzmictia?

22. Nicmahtia?

23. Mitzmictia?

24. Timitzmahtiah?

25. Ticchiah?

Pattern Exercise 3: transitive verbs; yes/no questions

Answer the following questions according to the model.

Think of who is the subject and who is the object; picture the event.

Model: Cue: Nimitzahhua? Ans: Quemah, tinechahhua.

1. Nimitzitta?

2. Nimitzcaqui?

3. Nimitzchia?

4. Niquilca:hua?

5. Niccuala:nia?

6. Nicpa:qui:ltia?

7. Ticca:hua?

8. Ticcaqui?

9. Ticchia?

10. Timitzilca:huah?

11. Timitzittah?

12. Timitzcuala:niah?

13. Ticpa:qui:ltiah?

14. Ticcahuah?

15. Ticcaquih?

16. Nimitzilca:hua?

17. Nimitzitta?

18. Nimitzcuala:nia?

19. Nicpa:qui:ltia?

20. Nicca:hua?

21. Niccaqui?

22. Ticchia?

23. Tiquilca:hua?

24. Tiquitta?

file:///Users/lamiller/lab/NahuatlEx/L06.txt[6/6/11 12:00:26 PM]

25. Ticcuala:nia?

Pattern Exercise 4: transitive verbs;yes/no questions

Answer the following questions according to the model.

Think of who is the subject and who is the object; picture the event.

Model: A Cue: tante:chittah? Ans: Quemah, tamechittah.

B Cue: te:chittah? Ans: Quemah, namechittah.

C Cue: tamechittah? Ans: Quemah, tante:chittah.

D Cue: namechittah? Ans: Quemah, te:chittah.

1. tante:chca:huah?

2. tante:chcaquih?

3. tante:chchiah?

4. tante:chilca:huah?

5. te:chittah?

6. te:chcuala:niah?

7. te:chmahtiah?

8. te:chmictiah?

9. tamechpa:qui:ltiah?

10. tamechca:huah?

11. tamechcaquih?

12. tamechchiah?

13. namechilca:huah?

14. namechittah?

15. namechcuala:niah?

16. namechmahtiah?

17. tante:chmictiah?

18. te:chpa:qui:ltiah?

19. tamechilca:huah?

20. namechmictiah?

21. tante:chilca:huah?

22. te:chpa:qui:ltiah?

23. tamechchiah?

24. namechmahtiah?

25. tante:chchiah?

Pattern Exercise 5: intransitive verbs; disagreeable commands

In the following exercise, you play the part of a very disagreeable person.

Your interlocutor says that he does something, BUT YOU TELL HIM NOT TO DO IT.

Model: Cue: Nicochi. Response: A:mo xicochi.

1. Nicho:ca. 7. Nitzecuini.

2. Nihuetzca. 8. Nipi:na:hua.

3. Nihuetzi. 9. Nitena.

4. Nimiqui. 10. Nitlehco.

5. Nipa:qui. 11. Nicalaqui.

6. Nitzahtzi. 12. Nicuala:ni.

13. Niqui:za.

In the next part of the exercise, your interlocutor is a member of a group.

He tells you that he and his companions do something (e.g. "We cry"

[ticho:cah]), so being as contrary as you are, YOU TELL THEM NOT TO DO IT

(e.g. "Don't cry (y'all)" [a:mo xicho:cacan]).

14. Tiqui:zah. 20. Tipi:na:huah.

15. Ticuala:nih. 21. Titzecuinih.

16. Ticalaquih. 22. Tipa:quih.

17. Titlehcoh. 23. Timiquih.

18. Titenah. 24. Tihuetzih.

19. Titzahtzih. 25. Tihuetzcah.

26. Ticochih.

Reply to the following cues, depending on whether a single person or

a member of a group addresses you.

27. Nitlehco. 34. Titzecuinih.

28. Titlehcoh. 35. Nihuetzca.

29. Tipa:quih. 36. Nicho:ca.

30. Niqui:za. 37. Ticalaquih.

31. Titenah. 38. Nipi:na:hua.

32. Nimiqui. 39. Nitzahtzi.

33. Nicochi. 40. Tihuetzih.

Practice with Number Recall

Look at each successive number (going down the columns) on

the following list and count out loud in Nahuatl.

1 6 11 16

2 7 12 17

3 8 13 18

4 9 14 19

5 10 15 20

Read the numbers in Nahuatl on the above list going across each row.

===================================================================

Read each of the following Nahuatl words and point to the number in

the list that corresponds to it.

chico:me mahtlactli o:me

caxto:l caxto:l mahtlactli

chico:me ma:cuil chicue:i

o:me chicua:cen ce

cempo:al ce caxto:l hua:n ye:i

caxto:l hua:n ye:i o:me ma:cuil

chicua:cen caxto:l hua:n ye:i chico:me

na:hui cempo:al o:me

mahtlactli na:hui cempo:al

ma:cuil chicua:cen chicua:cen

chicue:i mahtlactli caxto:l

o:me chico:me na:hui

caxto:l hua:n ye:i ma:cuil mahtlactli

na:hui cempo:al caxto:l hua:n ye:i

chicua:cen o:me o:me

Pattern Exercise 6 Future tense; negative answers

You are asked a question about the future and you reply negatively.

Model: Q: Ticochiz? Ans: A:mo, amo nicochiz.

1. Ticalaquiz? 8. Titlehcoz?

2. Ticho:caz? 9. Titzecuiniz?

3. Ticuala:niz? 10. Tipa:quiz?

4. Tihuetzcaz? 11. Titenaz?

5. Tihuetziz? 12. Tipi:na:huaz?

6. Timiquiz? 13. Titzahtziz?

7. Tiqui:zaz? 14. Titzecuiniz?

You are addressed as a member of a group; reply negatively for

yourself and the group.

Model: Q: Nancho:cazqueh? Ans: A:mo, amo ticho:cazqueh.

1. Nanqui:zazqueh? 8. Nantzahtzizqueh?

2. Nancuala:nizqueh? 9. Nanpa:quizqueh?

3. Nancalaquizqueh? 10. Nanmiquizqueh?

4. Nantlehcozqueh? 11. Nanhuetzcazqueh?

5. Nantenazqueh? 12. Nanhuetzizqueh?

6. Nanpi:na:huazqueh? 13. Nancochizqueh?

7. Nantzecuinizqueh? 14. Nancho:cazqueh?

Answer the following questions depending on how you are addressed.

1. Tiqui:zaz? 8. Titenaz?

2. Titzahtziz? 9. Nanpi:na:huazqueh?

3. Nancuala:nizqueh? 10. Titzecuiniz?

4. Nanpa:quizqueh? 11. Tipa:quiz?

5. Ticalaquiz? 12. Nanhuetzizqueh?

6. Timiquiz? 13. Ticuala:niz?

7. Nantlehcozqueh? 14. Ticochiz?

Pattern Exercise 7 Future tense; verb as object

You are asked a question about the future and you reply affirmatively.

Model: Q: Ticnequi ticho:caz? Ans: Quemah, nicnequi nicho:caz.

1. Ticnequi ticalaquiz? 8. Ticnequi titlehcoz?

2. Ticnequi ticho:caz? 9. Ticnequi titzecuiniz?

3. Ticnequi ticuala:niz? 10. Ticnequi tipa:quiz?

4. Ticnequi tihuetzcaz? 11. Ticnequi titenaz?

5. Ticnequi tihuetziz? 12. Ticnequi tipi:na:huaz?

6. Ticnequi timiquiz? 13. Ticnequi titzahtziz?

7. Ticnequi tiqui:zaz? 14. Ticnequi titzecuiniz?

You are addressed as a member of a group; reply negatively for

yourself and the group.

Model: Q: Nanquinequi nancochizqueh?

Ans: A:mo, amo ticnequih ticochizqueh.

1. Nanquinequi nanqui:zazqueh? 8. Nanquinequi nantzahtzizqueh?

2. Nanquinequi nancuala:nizqueh? 9. Nanquinequi nanpa:quizqueh?

3. Nanquinequi nancalaquizqueh? 10. Nanquinequi nanmiquizqueh?

4. Nanquinequi nantlehcozqueh? 11. Nanquinequi nanhuetzcazqueh?

5. Nanquinequi nantenazqueh? 12. Nanquinequi nanhuetzizqueh?

6. Nanquinequi nanpi:na:huazqueh? 13. Nanquinequi nancochizqueh?

7. Nanquinequi nantzecuinizqueh? 14. Nanquinequi nancho:cazqueh?

Answer the following questions depending on how you are addressed.

1. Ticnequi tiqui:zaz? 8. Ticnequi titenaz?

2. Ticnequi titzahtziz? 9. Nanquinequi nanpi:na:huazqueh

3. Nanquinequi nancuala:nizqueh? 10. Ticnequi titzecuiniz?

4. Nanquinequi nanpa:quizqueh? 11. Ticnequi tipa:quiz?

5. Ticnequi ticalaquiz? 12. Nanquinequi nanhuetzizqueh?

6. Ticnequi timiquiz? 13. Ticnequi ticuala:niz?

7. Nanquinequi nantlehcozqueh? 14. Ticnequi ticochiz?

Pattern Exercise 8 Incredulous Possessed Nouns

maitl noma hand cueitl nocue skirt

metztli nometz leg, thigh cuicatl nocuicah song

nacayotl nonacayo flesh itzcui:ntli notzcui:n dog

nacaztli nonacaz ear izhuatl nozhuah cornhusk

omitl** no:mio bone metlatl nometl metate

tla:ntli notla:n tooth michin nomich fish

xictli noxi:c navel mizton nomizton cat

yehuayotl noyehuayo skin nectli nonec pulque

yezzotl noyezzo blood ohtli no:hhuih road

amatl noamah paper petlatl nopetl petate

caxitl nocax plate pitzotl nopitzoh pig

chantli nochan house to:catl noto:ca name

conetl noconeh child yollo noyollo heart

cozcatl cozcah jewel, bead zoatl nozoah woman, wife

You are told something surprising or horrible about someone's

possession (maybe yours, maybe mine, maybe his). React with

surprise (English: Cue: My cat. Resp.: Your cat?)

Model: Cue: Nomizton. Resp.: Momiston?

Cue: Mopitzoh. Resp.: Nopitzoh?

1. Noconeh. 16. Nopitzoh. 31. I:zoah.

2. Nomizton. 17. Noyollo. 32. I:ma.

3. Moto:ca. 18. Moamah. 33. Mocueh.

4. Nonec. 19. Mochan. 34. Nonacaz.

5. Mometl. 20. Noxi:c. 35. I:nec.

6. Mozoah. 21. Notla:n. 36. I:zoah

7. Noma. 22. Moyehuayo. 37. Mo:hhuih.

8. Nocue. 23. Moma. 38. I:mich.

9. Monacaz. 24. Moyezzo. 39. Nonacayo.

10. Monec. 25. Nozhuah. 40. Mo:mio.

11. Mozoah 26. Iconeh. 41. I:pitzoh.

12. No:hhuih. 27. Momizton. 42. Moyollo.

13. Nomich. 28. I:to:ca. 43. Noamah.

14. Monacayo. 29. Monec. 44. I:chan.

15. Mo:mio. 30. I:metl. 45. I:tla:n.

Pattern Exercise 9: Future tense; intransitive verb as

object; different subjects in the two verbs.

You are asked if you want your interlocutor to do something.

Answer affirmatively or negatively.

Model: Q: Ticnequi nipa:quiz? Ans: Quemah, nicnequi tipa:quiz.

1. Ticnequi nicochiz? 8. Ticnequi nipa:quiz?

2. Ticnequi nicalaquiz? 9. Ticnequi nihuetzcaz?

3. Ticnequi niqui:zaz? 10. Ticnequi nitlehcoz?

4. Ticnequi nicuala:niz? 11. Ticnequi nitenaz?

5. Ticnequi nihuetziz? 12. Ticnequi nitzecuiniz?

6. Ticnequi nimiquiz? 13. Ticnequi nicho:caz?

7. Ticnequi nipi:na:huaz? 14. Ticnequi nitzahtziz?

You, as a member of a group, are asked if y'all want your single

interlocutor to do something. Answer affirmatively or negatively.

Model: Q: Nanquinequih nipa:quiz? Ans: Quemah, nicnequih tipa:quiz.

1. Nanquinequih nicochiz? 8. Nanquinequih nipa:quiz?

2. Nanquinequih nicalaquiz? 9. Nanquinequih nihuetzcaz?

3. Nanquinequih niqui:zaz? 10. Nanquinequih nitlehcoz?

4. Nanquinequih nicuala:niz? 11. Nanquinequih nitenaz?

5. Nanquinequih nihuetziz? 12. Nanquinequih nitzecuiniz?

6. Nanquinequih nimiquiz? 13. Nanquinequih nicho:caz?

7. Nanquinequih nipi:na:huaz? 14. Nanquinequih nitzahtziz?

Answer the following questions according to whether you are addressed

alone or as a member of a group.

Model: Q: Nanquinequih nipa:quiz? Ans: Quemah, nicnequi tipa:quiz.

Q: Ticnequi nipa:quiz? Ans: Quemah, nicnequi tipa:quiz.

1. Ticnequi nicochiz? 8. Ticnequi nipa:quiz?

2. Ticnequi nicalaquiz? 9. Nanquinequih nihuetzcaz?

3. Nanquinequih niqui:zaz? 10. Nanquinequih nitlehcoz?

4. Nanquinequih nicuala:niz? 11. Ticnequi nitenaz?

5. Ticnequi nihuetziz? 12. Ticnequi nitzecuiniz?

6. Ticnequi nimiquiz? 13. Nanquinequih nicho:caz?

7. Nanquinequih nipi:na:huaz? 14. Ticnequi nitzahtziz?

Pattern Exercise 10: Reflexive verbs: Future tense.

Meanings with reflexive (mo-)

a:ltia shampoo e:hua get up

tema bathe telquetza stand up

ca:hua remain te:ca lie down

cuepa return tla:lia sit down

Answer the following questions either affirmatively or negatively.

1. Timotemaz? 5. Time:huaz?

2. Timoca:huaz? 6. Timocuepaz?

3. Timotelquetzaz? 7. Timote:caz?

4. Timotla:liz? 8. Tima:ltiz?

. . . . . . . . . . .

9. Nanmocuepazqueh? 13. Nanmotemazqueh?

10. Nanme:huazqueh? 14. Nanmotla:lizqueh?

11. Nanma:ltizqueh? 15. Nanmotelquetzazqueh?

12. Nanmoca:huazqueh? 16. Nanmote:cazqueh?

. . . . . . . . . . .

17. Nimotemaz? 21. Nimotelquetzaz?

18. Nimocuepaz? 22. Nima:ltiz?

19. Nimotla:liz? 23. Nimote:caz?

20. Nime:huaz? 24. Nimoca:huaz?

. . . . . . . . . . .

25. Timocuepazqueh? 29. Timotemazqueh?

26. Timotelquetzazqueh? 30. Timotla:lizqueh?

27. Time:huazqueh? 31. Timoca:huazqueh?

28. Timote:cazqueh? 32. Tima:ltizqueh?

Pattern Exercise 11: Past Tense; -ia and -oa verbs

ihto:tia dance ihcuiloa write

ilia tell to ihtoa say

ilpia tie up nechicoa gather

mictia kill nempaloa lick

no:quia pour (out) piloa hang

palehuia help te:moa look for

quitzquia grab

tla:tia hide

Answer the following questions either affirmatively or negatively.

1. oticmictih? 8. otiquihcuiloh?

2. otictla:tih? 9. oticnempaloh?

3. otiquilih? 10. oticpiloh?

4. otiquihto:tih? 11. otiquihtoh?

5. oticnoquih? 12. oticnechicoh?

6. oticquitzquih? 13. otictemoh?

7. oticpalehuih?

. . . . .

14. Onanquimictihqueh? 21. Onanquinempalohqueh?

15. Onanquitla:tihqueh? 22. Onanquipilohqueh?

16. Onanquilihqueh? 23. Onanquihtohqueh?

17. Onanquihto:tihqueh? 24. Onanquinechicohqueh?

18. Onanquinoquihqueh? 25. Onanquitemohqueh?

19. Onanquiquitzquihqueh? 26. Onanquihcuilohqueh?

20. Onanquipalehuihqueh?

. . . . . .

27. Otinechilpih? 31. Otinechilih?

28. Otinechihto:tih? 32. Otinechtemoh?

29. Otinechpalehuih? 33. Otinechpiloh?

30. Otinechquitzquih?

.. . . . . .

34. Onimitzpiloh? 38. Onimitzihto:tih?

35. Onimitzilih? 39. Onimitztemoh?

36. Onimitzilpih? 40. Onimitzpalehuih?

37. Onimitzquitzquih?

Pattern Exercise 12: Future tense after ihcuac

Familiarize yourself with the following sentences by translating

them aloud. Note that since the verb refers to future time, it

is in the future tense.

Model: Tinechittaz ihcuac tihualahciz?

Trans: Will you see me when you arrive (back here)?

[ahci: arrive; hualahci: arrive back here]

1. Tinechmacaz ihcuac tinechittaz?

2. Ticho:caz ihcuac miquiz momizton?

3. Ticualaniz ihcuac mitzahhuaz in mozoah?

4. Titzahtziz ihcuac choloz in mopitzoh?

5. Titenaz ihcuac nimitztlaczaz?

6. Tinechiliz ihcuac ticnequiz titlacuaz?

7. Ticalaquiz ihcuac ticnequiz in monec?

8. Tihuetzcaz ihcuac nihuetziz?

9. Tipa:quiz ihcuac nipi:na:huaz?

10. Timotemaz ihcuac timoca:huaz?

11. Time:huaz ihcuac niqui:zaz?

12. Ticualaniz ihcuac niquiliz in monan?

13. Tihuetzcaz ihcuac tiquittaz in noxic?

14. Ticcaquiz ihcuac nimitzno:tzaz?

15. Timomahtiz ihcuac nicpiloz in notoch?

16. Tinechahhuaz ihcuac a:mo nimitzmacaz in motlaxcal?

17. Tinechilca:huaz ihcuac nimiquiz?

18. Timocuepaz ihcuac huetziz in moconeh?

19. Tinechchiaz ihcuac tiqui:zaz?

tlacza step on

mo-mahtia get frightened

tlacua eat (something)

Now answer the above questions according to the following model:

Cue: Tinechilpiz ihcuac nitzahtziz?

Ans: Quemah, nimitzilpiz ihcuac titzahtziz.

Pattern Exercise 13: Future tense after ihcuac

Familiarize yourself with the following sentences by translating

them aloud. Note that since the verb refers to future time, it

is in the future tense.

Model: Nannechittazqueh ihcuac nanhualahcizqueh?

Trans: Will y'all see me when you arrive (back here)?

[ahci: arrive; hualahci: arrive back here]

1. Nannechmacazqueh ihcuac nannechittazqueh?

2. Nancho:cazqueh ihcuac miquiz namomizton?

3. Nancualanizqueh ihcuac namechahhuaz in namonan?

4. Nantzahtzizqueh ihcuac choloz in namopitzoh?

5. Nantenazqueh ihcuac namechtlaczaz?

6. Nannechilizqueh ihcuac nanquinequizqueh nantlacuazqueh?

7. Nancalaquizqueh ihcuac nanquinequizqueh in namonec?

8. Nanhuetzcazqueh ihcuac nihuetziz?

9. Nanpa:quizqueh ihcuac nipi:na:huaz?

10. Nanmotemazqueh ihcuac nanmoca:huazqueh?

11. Nanme:huazqueh ihcuac niqui:zaz?

12. Nancualanizqueh ihcuac niquiliz in namonan?

13. Nanhuetzcazqueh ihcuac nanquittazqueh in noxic?

14. Nanquicaquizqueh ihcuac namechno:tzaz?

15. Nanmomahtizqueh ihcuac nicpiloz in notoch?

16. Nannechahhuazqueh ihcuac a:mo namechmacaz in namotlaxcal?

17. Nannechilca:huazqueh ihcuac nimiquiz?

18. Nanmocuepazqueh ihcuac huetziz in namoconeh?

19. Nannechchiazqueh ihcuac nanqui:zazqueh?

20. Nanma:ltizqueh ihcuac nanmote:cazqueh?

tlacza step on

mo-mahtia get frightened

tlacua eat (something)

Now answer the above questions according to the following model:

Cue: Nannechilpizqueh ihcuac nitzahtziz?

Ans: Quemah, timitzilpizqueh ihcuac titzahtziz.

Pattern Exercise 14: Future tense after monequi

Familiarize yourself with the following sentences by translating

them aloud.

Model: Tlen monequi? Ticchihuaz in tlacual?

Trans: What is necessary? (For) you to make the meal?

1. Tlen monequi? Ticchihuaz in tlaxcal?

2. Tlen monequi? Ticpalehuiz in motah?

3. Tlen monequi? Ticnoquiz in a:tl?

4. Tlen monequi? Ticmictiz in totolin?

5. Tlen monequi? Ticnechicoz in yetl?

6. Tlen monequi? Tiquilca:huaz in noto:ca?

7. Tlen monequi? Tiquihto:tiz in nozoah?

8. Tlen monequi? Ticalaquiz nochan?

9. Tlen monequi? Timotla:tiz tlamachtiloyan?

10. Tlen monequi? Ticquitzquiz in mizton?

11. Tlen monequi? Tiquilpiz in pitzotl?

12. Tlen monequi? Tiquihcuiloz in moto:ca?

13. Tlen monequi? Ticnempaloz in tzopelic?

14. Tlen monequi? Ticnechicoz in tlaol?

15. Tlen monequi? Tictla:tiz in zoatl?

chihua make

nechicoa gather

ilpia tie

tlamachtiloyan school

tzopelic candy

tlaol corn

yetl bean

Now answer the above questions according to the following model.

Cue: Tlen monequi? Tichuitequiz in moconeh?

Ans: Quemah, monequi nichuitequiz in noconeh.

Pattern Exercise 15: Irregular Verbs: be, come, go

be: present | be: past | be: future

| |

nicah ticateh | oniec otiequeh | niez tiezqueh

ticah nancateh | otiec onanyequeh | tiez nanyezqueh

cah cateh | oyec oyequeh | yez yezqueh

| |

_____________________|______________________________|___________________________

| |

come: present | come: past | come: future

| |

nihuitz tihuitzeh | onihuallah otihuallahqueh | nihuitz tihuallazqueh

tihuitz nanhuitzeh | otihuallah onanhuallahqueh | tihuitz nanhuallazqueh

huitz huitzeh | ohuallah ohuallahqueh | huitz huallazqueh

| |

_____________________|______________________________|___________________________

| |

go: present | go: past | go: future

| |

niah tiahueh | oniah otiahqueh | niaz tiazqueh

tiah nanyahueh | otiah onanyahqueh | tiaz nanyazqueh

yahui yahueh | oyah oyahqueh | yaz yazqueh

| |

__________________________________________________________________________

Familiarize yourself with the following sentences by translating

them aloud.

1. Canin tiaz?

2. Niaz tlamachtiloyan.

3. Canin oyah moconeh? Cuahtlan?

4. Aquin yaz in cuahtlan? In nocnih?

5. Quenman huitz in nocohcol? Huiptla?

6. Huiptla a:mo huitz in mocohcol.

7. Canin cah in nocax? Inahuac in tlecuil?

8. A:mo nicmati canin cah in mocax.

9. Canin oyah in mohueltih? Teopan?

10. Tleca a:mo oyah cuahtlan? Mococoa?

cuahtlan country, outside of town

tlamachtiloyan school

teopan church

mococoa he is sick

hueltitl sister of male

icnitl sibling of same sex

oquichtitl brother of female

cohcol grandfather

Pattern Exercise 16: Irregular Verbs: be, come, go

Familiarize yourself with the following sentences by translating

them aloud.

1. Canin ticah axan?

2. Canin cah in mohueltih?

3. Canin nancateh namehuan?

4. Quimati in mocnih can nicah?

5. Ticateh tinochtin?

6. Canin cateh in mopilhuan?

7. Zan ceccan oyequeh nochtin?

8. Aquin inahuac otiequeh?

9. Tle:ca otiec cuentlah?

10. Quenman oyec in ilhuitl?

11. Aquin inahuac oniec?

12. Cualli onanyequeh?

13. Canin tiezqueh moztla?

14. Tle:ca yez ilhuitl huiptla?

15. Ticmati canin niez moztla?

16. Quenman yezqueh tlamachtiloyan in mocnihuan?

17. Quenman tihuitz inahuac in monan?

18. Quenman nanhuitzeh? Ipan ilhuitl?

19. Aquin ne huitz?

20. Quenman ohuallah in mocohcol?

21. Tle:ca onanhuallahqueh i:chan? Nic onamechnotz?

22. Quenman onihuallah?

23. Moztla tihuallazqueh tinochtin?

24. Huitz monahuac in moconeh moztla?

25. Ticnequi nihuitz inahuac in motlahuical?

26. Nanquinequih huallazqueh in namopilhuan?

27. Canin tiah totoca?

28. Tle:ca yahui in cuahtlan? Nic quinequi?

29. Ticmati canin tiahueh?

30. Tle:ca yahueh tlamachtiloyan? Nic quinpactia?

31. Canin oyah in mocih?

32. Canin otiahqueh in yehuiptla?

33. Canin oniah in yala?

34. Tle:ca oyahqueh inahuac in tlamachtihqui? Nic quinmachtiz?

35. Aquin yaz nonahuac?

36. Canin tiazqueh cualcan?

37. Quenman nanyazqueh nochan?

38. Canic tiaz in cuahtlan?

all, everything nochi

everyone (todos) nochtin

fiesta ilhuitl

good, fine, O.K. cualli

whereabouts (about where) canic

there ne

near him, with him inahuac

together, in one place zan ceccan

outside cuentlah

for, because nic

fast totoca

teach machtia

I like (it) ne:chpa:ctia

your grandfather mocohcol

your grandmother mocih

husband tlahuical

day before yesterday yehuiptla

yesterday yala

Now answer the above questions.

Pattern Exercise 17: Directional suffixes: -tih (outward

bound, singular, non-past)

Familiarize yourself with these sentences by translating them aloud.

1. Ticno:quitih in a:tl?

2. Ticchihuatih in tlacual?

3. Ticpalehuitih in mocnih ihcuac tequitiz?

4. Ticnechicotih in xochitl?

5. Tiquihto:titih in mozoah ipan ilhuitl?

6. Tictla:titih in tochtli ihcuac huitz in mohueltih?

7. Ticquitzquitih in huehxolotl ihcuac yaz cuentlah?

8. Tiquihcuilotih in moto:ca ihcuac huitz in tlamachtihqui?

9. Tiquilpitih in motzcuin ihcuac huallazqueh in coconeh?

10. Ticnempalotih in tzopelic ihcuac yez?

11. Ticahhuatih in mozoah ihcuac yazqueh nochtin?

12. Tiquilitih in motah ihcuac nanyazqueh?

13. Ticmictitih in pitzotl ihcuac timayanaz?

14. Tictlalitih in textli ipan in metlatl ihcuac titeciz?

15. Ticchiatih in moconeh ihcuac huitz?

16. Ticcalaquitih in totolin ihcuac tzahtziz?

17. Ticpilotih in mocue ihcuac huetziz?

18. Tictlehcoltitih in mizton ihcuac temoz?

19. Ticte:motih in tochtli ihcuac quizaz?

20. Timoca:huatih ichan mocicih ihcuac mitzno:tzaz?

coconeh children

mayana be hungry

a:miqui be thirsty

cecui be cold

tlatla be hot

teci make tortillas

calaquia to put in (meter)

tlehcoltia to raise up (subir)

Answer the above questions according the following model.

Cue: Ticpilotih in mocue ihcuac huetziz?

Ans: Quemah, nicpilotih in nocue ihcuac huetziz.

Pattern Exercise 18: Directional suffixes: -tihueh

(outward bound, plural, non-past)

Familiarize yourself with these sentences by translating them aloud.

1. Nanquino:quitihueh in a:tl?

2. Nanquichihuatihueh in tlacual?

3. Nanquipalehuitihueh in namocnih ihcuac tequitiz?

4. Nanquinechicotihueh in xochitl?

5. Nanquihto:titihueh in namocnih ipan ilhuitl?

6. Nanquitla:titihueh in tochtli ihcuac huitz in namohueltih?

7. Nanquiquitzquitihueh in huehxolotl ihcuac yaz cuentlah?

8. Nanquihcuilotihueh in namoto:cahuan ihcuac huitz in tlamachtihqui?

9. Nanquilpitihueh in namotzcuin ihcuac huallazqueh in coconeh?

10. Nanquinempalotihueh in tzopelic ihcuac yez?

11. Nancahhuatihueh in namoconeh ihcuac yazqueh nochtin?

12. Nanquilitihueh in namotah ihcuac nanyazqueh?

13. Nanquimictitihueh in pitzotl ihcuac nanmayanazqueh?

14. Nanquitlalitihueh in textli ipan in metlatl ihcuac nantecizqueh?

15. Nanquichiatihueh in namoconeh ihcuac huitz?

16. Nanquicalaquitihueh in totolin ihcuac tzahtziz?

17. Nanquipilotihueh in cueitl ihcuac huetziz?

18. Nanquitlehcoltitihueh in mizton ihcuac temoz?

19. Nanquite:motihueh in tochtli ihcuac quizaz?

20. Nanmoca:huatihueh ichan namocicih ihcuac namechno:tzaz?

Answer the above questions according the following model.

Cue: Nanquipilotihueh in cueitl ihcuac huetziz?

Ans: Quemah, ticpilotihueh in cueitl ihcuac huetziz.

Pattern Exercise 19: Causative verbs: intransitive stem

Familiarize yourself with these sentences by translating them aloud.

1. Ticcalaquia in moconeh tlamachtiloyan?

2. Ticcochitia in moxhuih?

3. Tichuetzquitia in mozoah ihcuac ticquehqueloa?

4. Tichuetzitia in molcaxitl ihcuac time:hua?

5. Ticmictia in ocuilin ihcuac tictlacza?

6. Ticpa:quiltia in moconeh ihcuac tictlamaca?

7. Tictzahtzitia in mocnih ihcuac ticmahtia?

8. Tictzecuinaltia in a:tl ihcuac ticnoquia?

9. Ticpinahtia in motlazoh nic tlaconi?

10. Mitztlehcoltia in motah ipan axno?

11. Mitzcalaquia teopan in monan?

12. Mitzittitia in mocohcol canic tiaz?

13. Mitzcaqui:tia in cuicatl in moahui?

14. Mitzcualania in tlamachtihqui nic mitztlahtlania?

15. Mitzquixtia in motah nic a:mo tictlacatoca?

16. Mitztemoia motah den cuahuitl?

17. Mitztexitia in momonnan?

quehqueloa tickle

tlaconi she drinks (alcohol)

axno donkey

motlazoh your dear one, your honey

moahui your aunt

motio your uncle

mocohcol your grandfather

mocih your grandmother

moxhuih your grandchild

momonnan your mother-in-law

momontah your father-in-law

mozoamon your daughter-in-law

momon your son-in-law (Classical 'montli')

tlahtlania ask questions

tlacatoca obey

den from the (from: de in)

Answer the above questions according the following model.

Cue: Ticmictia in ocuilin ihcuac tictlacza?

Ans: Quemah, nicmictia in ocuilin ihcuac nictlacza.

Pattern Exercise 20: Causative verbs II

Familiarize yourself with these sentences by translating them aloud.

1. Ticnequi nimitztemoiz den cuahuitl?

2. Ticnequi nimitzcochitiz ihcuac ticochmiquiz?

3. Ticnequi nimitzquixtiz den tlamachtiloyan?

4. Ticnequi nimitzmachtiz quen titlahcuiloz?

5. Ticnequi nimitzmahtiz ica ce yolcatl?

6. Ticnequi nimitzilca:hualtiz in motlahuical?

7. Ticnequi nimitzcahca:hualtiz in motlazoh?

8. Ticnequi nimitzpinahtiz ixpan teopan?

9. Ticnequi nimitztenaltiz ica ce cuahuitl?

10. Nanquinequih neh namechchihualtiz in tlacual?

11. Nanquinequih namechtzahtzitiz icuitlapan in calli?

12. Nanquinequih namechpa:quiltiz ica ce cuicatl?

13. Nanquinequih namechquitzquiltiz in mizton?

14. Nanquinequih namechhuetzquitiz nochan?

15. Nanquinequih namechcho:cho:ctiz ica in xonacatl?

16. Nanquinequih namechittitiz in nonenepil?

17. Nanquinequih namechtemoiz den cuahuitl?

18. Tinechhuetzquitiz moztla mochan?

19. Tinechtzahtzitiz ihcuac tinechpahtiz?

20. Tinechmahtiz ica quimichin?

ica with it (instrument, means)

icuitlapan behind it, at its back

yolcatl animal

quen how

caca:hua leave, let go of, abandon (redup.)

ixpan in front of it

xonacatl onion

nonenepil my tongue

pahtia cure

Answer the above questions according the following model.

Cue: Nanquinequih namechittitiz in mizton?

Ans: Quemeh, ticnequih titechittitiz in mizton.

Pattern Exercise 21: Irregular Verbs II: be, come, go

Familiarize yourself with the following sentences by translating

them aloud.

1. Canin nanyazqueh?

2. Canin oyah moconeh?

3. Canin yaz in momonnan?

4. Canin otiah yala?

5. Quenin otiec?

6 Quenin onanyequeh?

7. Quenin cah in motah?

8. Aquin cah cuentlah?

9. Aquin huitz moztla?

10. Aquin oyah monahuac?

11. Canic onancatcah yecualcan?

12. Tle:ca a:mo huitz moztla in mocohcol?

13. Tle:ca amo otihuallah yala?

14. Aquin huitz moztla?

15. Canin oyah in mozoamon?

16. Quenman tihuitz nochan?

17. Quenman huitz in mohuehpol?

18. Ticmati canin cateh in tocnihuan?

19. Ticmati quenman ohuallah in nocohcol?

20. Ticmati canin tiazqueh huiptla?

21. Nanyazqueh inahuac in namomontah?

22. Oyah monahuac in nomonnan?

23. Aquin nican cah?

24. Aquin nononqueh nican cateh?

Pattern Exercise 21: Irregular Verbs II: be, come, go [p. 2]

25. Quenman ohuallah non tlacatl?

26. Ticnequi tiaz nonahuac?

27. Quinequi huitz nochan mocohcol?

28. Tle:ca a:mo ticnequi tihuitz nochan?

29. Tle:ca oyah monahuac in Diana?

30. Quimati mocih canin ticah?

31. Ticmati canic oyah in pio?

32. Nanquimatih quenman ohuallah namocnih?

33. Aquin yez totlamachtihqui in occe xihuitl?

34. Canin tiaz axan?

35. Quenman oyec in ilhuitl?

36. Ticmati yez in ilhuitl?

37. Canin nanyezqueh moztla?

38. Canin nanyahueh totoca?

39. Tle:ca a:mo ohuallah in momon?

40. Quenman onanyequeh nannochtin namochanhuan?

occe another, next

xihuitl year

yecualcan past morning

cualcan coming morning

mohuehpol brother-in-law

pio chicken

nin this (one) [near me]

non that (one) [near you]

neca that (one) [over there]

ninqueh these [near me]

nonqueh those [near you]

necate those [over there]

nican here

oncan there [near you]

ompa over there

Answer the above questions.

Pattern Exercise 22: Benefactive [applicative] verbs

Familiarize yourself with the following sentences by translating

them aloud.

1. Ticmati in moahui nechtlapolhuilia in tlatzacuilotl?

2. Ticmati in momontah nechicanhuilia in noaxno?

3. Ticmati in mocicih nechahhuahuilia in noconeh?

4. Ticmati in notah nechihcuilhuilia?

5. Ticmati in nomonnan nechilpilia in pitzotl?

5. Ticmati in nocohcol nechtetequilia in cuahuitl?

6. Ticmati in nocnih nechte:molia in nocoton?

7. Ticmati in nohueltih nechtlalilia in tlaxcal?

8. Ticmati in mocnih nechnemaquia in nocal?

9. Ticmati in mocohcol nechtataquilia in nomeh?

10. Ticmati in mocnih nechittilia in noixtololo?

11. Ticmati in momonnan nechtzacuilia in nototol?

12. Quimati in mocohcol nimitzpialia in mochcah?

13. Quimati in mocicih nimitznemaquia in motlal?

14. Quimati in momontah nimitztetequilia in cuahuitl?

15. Quimati in motah nimitztlaxtlahuilia in monec?

16. Quimati in monan nimitzcoilia in motecac?

17. Quimati in mohueltih nimitzmehmelahuilia in motlatzintlancoton?

18. Quimati in monan nimitzchihuilia in tlacual?

19. Quimati in notah tinechpinahuilia in nocal?

20. Quimati in nocicih tinechpolhuilia in notomin?

21. Quimati in noxhuih tinechtenehuilia in notlahtlacol?

22. Quimati in nocohcol tinechtequitilia nocuentlah?

23. Quimati in notio tinechhualiquilia in notzopelic?

24. Quimati in nomonnan tinechxelhuilia in notex?

Pattern Exercise 22: Benefactive [applicative] verbs

25. Quimati in mozoah tinechnelhuilia in noatol?

26. Quimati in motlahuical tinechmictilia in nochcah?

27. Otinechpolhuilih in notoch?

28. Otinechtzoyonilih in noyeh?

29. Otinechcuepilih in noa:h?

30. Otinechno:no:chilih in noconeh?

31. Otinechaltilih in nozoamon?

32. Otinechpozonilih in noatol?

33. Otinechnemitilih in nocnih?

34. Otinechtomilih in nopitzoh?

35. Otinechnochilih in tepa/htihqui?

36. Otinechihtzomilih in nocoton?

37. Otinechtzacuilih in noconeh?

38. Otinechihtlani:lih in nocax?

39. Otinechna:miquilih in nochpoch?

40. Otinechpa:quihuilih in nocue?

41. Otinechpa:quiltilih in noconeh?

42. Omitzihto:tilih in mozoah?

43. Omitzihtzomilih in mocue?

44. Omitzpozonilih in monec?

45. Omitztotomilih in mocoton?

46. Omitzmictilih in motoch?

47. Omitztzoyonilih in momol?

48. Omitznochilih in mocicih?

49. Omitzihtlani:lih in motlacual?

Pattern Exercise 23: Honorific Verbs I; second person singular

Familiarize yourself with the following sentences by translating them aloud.

1. Tle:ca otoncho:cac ihcuac otontlacuah?

2. Canin otoncoch ihcuac otontequitito?

3. Canic otonyah ihcuac oticonquitzquih in pio?

4. Canic otoncalac ihcuac otonyah ichan moconetzin?

5. Tlen oticonihtoh ihcuac otonyah tlamachtiloyan?

6. Tleca amo oticonquitzquih in mizton?

7. Tleca oticonilpih in pitzotl?

8. Tleca oticonhuitec in nocnih ihcuac otzahtzic?

9. Aquin omitzoncualanih ihcuac otonhuetz?

10. Canic otonyec ihcuac onitlahtoh?

11. Canin otontlacuah in yehuiptla?

12. Aquin oticonmacac in tlaol yecualcan?

13. Quenman otontlehcoc ipan in calli?

14. Canin oticoncuic in tomin yala?

15. Aquin oticonittac ompa cuentlah?

16. Canin oticonmacac in tlaol in axnoh?

17. Quenman oticononic in pahtli?

18. Quenman oticonnemacac in pitzotl?

19. Aquin oticonte:cac ipan in petlatl?

20. Aquin oticontzac ihtec in cencal?

21. Canin oticonahcic in tomin?

22. Quenman otonahcic tepetl?

23. Canin otonyec ihcuac otontzahtzic?

24. Aquin inahuac otonhuetzcac?

pahtli medicine

oni drink

cencal cornbin

ahci find, arrive

cui grab

Answer the above questions.

Pattern Exercise 24: Honorific Verbs I; second person plural

Familiarize yourself with the following sentences by translating them aloud.

1. Tle:ca onamoncho:caqueh ihcuac onamontlacuahqueh?

2. Canin onamoncochqueh ihcuac onamontequititoh?

3. Canic onamonyahqueh ihcuac onanconquitzquihqueh in pio?

4. Canic onamoncalacqueh ihcuac onamonyahqueh ichan namoconetzin?

5. Tlen onanconihtohqueh ihcuac onamonyahqueh tlamachtiloyan?

6. Tleca amo onanconquitzquihqueh in mizton?

7. Tleca onanconilpihqueh in pitzotl?

8. Tleca onanconhuitecqueh in nocnih ihcuac otzahtzic?

9. Aquin onamechoncualanih ihcuac onamonhuetzqueh?

10. Canic onamonyequeh ihcuac onitlahtoh?

11. Canin onamontlacuahqueh in yehuiptla?

12. Aquin onanconmacaqueh in tlaol yecualcan?

13. Quenman onamontlehcoqueh ipan in calli?

14. Canin onanconcuiqueh in tomin yala?

15. Aquin onanconittaqueh ompa cuentlah?

16. Canin onanconmacaqueh in tlaol in axnoh?

17. Quenman onancononiqueh in pahtli?

18. Quenman onanconnemacaqueh in pitzotl?

19. Aquin onanconte:caqueh ipan in petlatl?

20. Aquin onancontzacqueh ihtec in cencal?

21. Canin onanconahciqueh in tomin?

22. Quenman onamonahciqueh tepetl?

23. Canin onamonyequeh ihcuac onamontzahtziqueh?

24. Aquin inahuac onamonhuetzcaqueh?

pahtli medicine

oni drink

cencal cornbin

ahci find, arrive

cui grab

Answer the above questions.

Pattern Exercise 25: Honorific Verbs II; second person singular

You are addressed as a respected person (honorific stage II).

Answer the following questions.

1. Otonmotlehcoltih ipan in tepetl?

2. Otonmocho:quilih inahuac in moconetzin?

3. Otonmohuetzquitih nic ohuetz in axno?

4. Otonmahxitilih yecualcan mochantzin?

5. Otonmotzahtzitih ihcuac otonmotectzinoh? [tequi]

6. Otonmocho:quilih nic opolih in mizton?

7. Otonmohuetzquitih nic amo oyectlahtoh in conetl?

8. Otonmotlehcoltih icuacpac in calli?

9. Otonmahxitilih ihcih in cuahtlan?

10. Otonmotzahtzitih ihcuac otonmohuetzitih?

11. Otinechonmahhuilih in yecualcan ihcih?

12. Oticonmocui:lih in tlaxcal ihtec in chiquihuitl?

13. Oticonmi:tih in a:tl ica in xical? [also: oticonmi:tilih]

14. Oticonmoni:tih in pahtli? [also: oticonmonitilih]

15. Oticonmottilih quen opanoc in tochtli?

16. Oticonmomaquilih in itlaxcal in nocnih?

17. Oticonmoneltoquitih tlen oquihtoh in nohuelpol?

18. Oticonmonemaquilih in tlaol yehuiptla?

19. Oticonmote:quilih in atol ihtec in comitl? [te:ca]

20 Oticonmote:quilih in conetl ipan petlatl?

21. Oticonmotequilih in cuahuitl yehuiptla? [tequi]

yectlahtoa speak well

polihui get lost

icuacpac on its top

ihcih early

ihtec inside it

chiquihuitl big basket

chiqui:/petztli smaller, flat, smooth (palm) basket

xical dipper, gourd for drinking

te:ca lay down, pour

Pattern Exercise 26: Honorific Verbs II; second person plural

You are addressed as a member of a respected group of people

(honorific stage II). Answer the following questions for the group.

1. Onamonmotlehcoltihqueh ipan in tepetl?

2. Onamonmocho:quilihqueh inahuac in namoconetzin?

3. Onamonmohuetzquitihqueh nic ohuetz in axno?

4. Onamonmahxitilihqueh yecualcan namochantzin?

5. Onamonmotzahtzitihqueh ihcuac onamonmotectzinohqueh? [tequi]

6. Onamonmocho:quilihqueh nic opolih in mizton?

7. Onamonmohuetzquitihqueh nic amo oyectlahtoh in conetl?

8. Onamonmotlehcoltihqueh icuacpac in calli?

9. Onamonmahxitilihqueh ihcih in cuahtlan?

10. Onamonmotzahtzitihqueh ihcuac onamonmohuetzitihqueh?

11. Onannechonmahhuilihqueh in yecualcan ihcih?

12. Onanconmocui:lihqueh in tlaxcal ihtec in chiquihuitl?

13. Onanconmi:tihqueh in a:tl ica in xical? [also: onanconmi:tilihqueh]

14. Onanconmoni:tihqueh in pahtli? [also: onanconmonitilihqueh]

15. Onanconmottilihqueh quen opanoc in tochtli?

16. Onanconmomaquilihqueh in itlaxcal in nocnih?

17. Onanconmoneltoquitihqueh tlen oquihtoh in nohuelpol?

18. Onanconmonemaquilihqueh in tlaol yehuiptla?

19. Onanconmote:quilihqueh in atol ihtec in comitl? [te:ca]

20 Onanconmote:quilihqueh in conetl ipan petlatl?

21. Onanconmotequilihqueh in cuahuitl yehuiptla? [tequi]

yectlahtoa speak well

polihui get lost

icuacpac on its top

ihcih early

ihtec inside it

chiquihuitl big basket

chiqui:/petztli smaller, flat, smooth (palm) basket

xical dipper, gourd for drinking

te:ca lay down, pour

Pattern Exercise 27: Honorific Verbs I; third person singular

You are asked a question about a person of Respect Level I.

1. Ticmati cox oncalac in motahtzin teopan?

2. Ticmati cox oncoch nochan in mocohcoltzin?

3. Ticmati cox oncualan in notahtzin nic amo onihuallah?

4. Ticmati cox onhuetz in nocihtzin can tlahuehcapan?

5. Ticmati cox onmic in tocohcoltzin ica coco/liztli?

6. Onquiz cuentlah in tlacatzintli?

7. Ontzecuin in mohuehpoltzin ipan tetl?

8. Onmocuep in moahuitzin ipan ohtli?

9. Onmotelquetz in zoatzintli ica in cuahuitl?

10. Omitzonhuitec in motahtzin ica in cui/tlaxtli?

11. Omitzonilnamic in motlahuicaltzin?

12. Omitzonixmat in monantzin can tlayoacan?

13. Omitzonno:tz in momontzin ipan i:lhuih?

14. Omitzontec in moconetzin ica tepoztli?

15. Onechonhuitec in notahtzin yeyala?

16. Onechonilnamic in nocihtzin ihcuac onechonittac?

17. Onechonixmat in moahuitzin ihcuac otimonamicqueh?

18. Onechontec in nocnitzin yeyehua?

19. Onechoncac in notahtzin ihcuac onihuetz?

20. Onechonnamic in monantzin ihcuac oniah?

tlahuehcapan high or deep place (cliff or ravine)

coco/liztli sickness

cui/tlaxtli leather (strap)

tlayoacan dark place

yoal night

i:lhuih your fiesta

tepoztli iron, blade, knife

yeyala yesterday

yeyehua a little while ago

Pattern Exercise 28: Honorific Verbs I; third person plural

You are asked a question about some persons of Respect Level I.

1. Ticmati cox oncalacqueh in motahtzitzihuan teopan?

2. Ticmati cox oncochqueh nochan in mocohcoltzitzihuan?

3. Ticmati cox oncualanqueh in notahtzitzihuan nic amo onihuallah?

4. Ticmati cox onhuetzqueh in nocihtzitzihuan can tlahuehcapan?

5. Ticmati cox onmicqueh in tocohcoltzitzihuan ica coco/liztli?

6. Onquizqueh cuentlah in tlatlacatzitzin?

7. Ontzecuinqueh in mohuehpoltzitzihuan ipan tetl?

8. Onmocuepqueh in moahuitzitzihuan ipan ohtli?

9. Onmotelquetzqueh in zoatzitzin ica in cuahuitl?

10. Omitzonhuitecqueh in motahtzitzihuan ica in cui/tlaxtli?

11. Omitzonilnamicqueh in moconetzitzihuan?

12. Omitzonixmatqueh in monantzitzihuan can tlayoacan?

13. Omitzonno:tzqueh in momontzitzihuan ipan imi:lhuih?

14. Omitzontecqueh in moconetzitzihuan ica in tepoztli?

15. Onechonhuitecqueh in notahtzitzihuan yeyala?

16. Onechonilnamicqueh in nocihtzitzihuan ihcuac onechonittaqueh?

17. Onechonixmatqueh in moahuitzitzihuan ihcuac otimonamicqueh?

18. Onechontecqueh in nocnitzitzihuan yeyehua?

19. Onechoncacqueh in notahtzitzihuan ihcuac onihuetz?

20. Onechonnamicqueh in monantzitzihuan ihcuac oniah?

tlahuehcapan high or deep place (cliff or ravine)

coco/liztli sickness

cui/tlaxtli leather (strap)

tlayoacan dark place

yoal night

i:lhuih your fiesta

tepoztli iron, blade, knife

yeyala yesterday

yeyehua a little while ago

Pattern Exercise 29: Past Tense Verbs; Imperfect Aspect

(singular subject)

The following questions are concerned with what was going on,

but was not finished. Note that although the imperfect ending

is regularly /-ya/, it superficially seems to be '-a' after verb

stems which end in '-i', due to the fact that /iya/ becomes [ia]

and /owa/ (i.e. 'ohua') becomes [oa] in the Nahuatl of San

Miguel Canoa (as well as in many other dialects).

1. Canin ocalaquia in tlacatl?

2. Quenman ocochia in piltzintli?

3. Canin ocho:caya in zoatl?

4. Aquin ocualania mochan?

5. Aquin ohuetzcaya chicahuac?

6. Canin ohuetzia in atl?

7. Aquin omiquia yeyala?

8. Otipa:quia yehuiptla?

9. Otipi:na:huaya ihcuac otimocuicatih?

10. Yen teh otiqui:zaya nochi in yoal?

11. Otenaya in moconeh?

12. Otlehcoa ipan cuahuitl in mizton?

13. Canin otzahtzia yeyoac in pitzotl?

14. Otzecuinia in conetl icuacpac in calli?

15. Canin ohuetzcaya in monan?

16. Quenman ocualania in mocohcol?

17. Aquin ocho:caya mochan?

18. Aquin ocochia tlalchic?

19. Tlen otlehcoa mopan?

chicahuac strong, loud

mo-cuicatia sing

yen teh (was it) really you?

yoal night

yeyoac last night

otlehcoa he was climbing (irregular imp. of 'tlehco')

tlalchic on the ground

mopan on you

Pattern Exercise 30: Past Tense Verbs; Imperfect Aspect

(singular subject; transitive verbs)

The following questions are concerned with what was going on,

but was not finished. Note that although the imperfect ending

is regularly /-ya/, it superficially seems to be '-a' after verb

stems which end in '-i', due to the fact that /iya/ becomes [ia]

and /owa/ (i.e. 'ohua') becomes [oa] in the Nahuatl of San

Miguel Canoa (as well as in many other dialects).

1. Aquin ocaltiaya in mochpoch?

2. Tlen ocanaya in mocohcol?

3. Tlen oticcaquia teopan?

4. Canic omocuepaya in moahui?

5. Aquin ochuitequia in conetl?

6. Aquin oquihcuiloaya in moto:ca?

7. Canin otiquihtlania in a:tl?

8. Aquin oquihtoaya 'quemah'?

9. Canin omihto:tiaya in zoatl?

10. Quenman otiquihtzomaya in mocue?

11. Tlen omitziliaya in momonnan?

12. Aquin omitznamiquia ipan ohtli?

13. Aquin omitzno:no:tzaya mocalihtec?

14. Canin otiaya ihcuac onimitzittac?

15. Canin oticatca ihcuac onimitzno:tz?

16. Canin oticho:caya ihcuac onimitzcac?

17. Aquin ohuetzcaya ihcuac onihuallah?

18. Aquin omihto:tiaya ihcuac onitzahtzic?

19. Aquin otlacuaya ihcuac onicalac?

20. Omitzcualaniaya in mohuehpol icuitlapan teopan?

Pattern Exercise 30: Past Tense Verbs; Imperfect Aspect

(singular subject; transitive verbs) [p. 2]

21. Omitztlacualtiaya monantzin calihtec nozo ipan ohtli?

22. Omitzmahtiaya nomontah ihcuac ohuallaya?

23. Omitznenmachtiaya in tlama/chtihqui tlamachtiloyan?

24. Omitzca:huaya ipan ohtli in mozoah?

25. Otinechnenihto:tiaya ihcuac otihuallaya cada ilhuitlan?

26. Otinechilnamiquia ihcuac huehca oticatca?

27. Otinechilpiaya ihcuac onitzahtzia?

28. Otinechcaquia ihcuac onimocuicatiaya?

29. Otinechno:tzaya ihcuac oyaya in pitzotl?

30. Otinechhuitequia ihcuac amo onite:tla:catocaya?

mocalihtec inside your house

ichpochtli daughter, virgin

cuicatl song

ic ohtli along the road

m(o)-ihto:tia dance (with one's self)

nozo or

nenmachtia to teach a lot

-nen- a lot, much (adverb prefix inside verb)

cada each

te:-tla:catoca to behave; to obey someone

Pattern Exercise 31: Past Desire

You are asked if you wanted your interlocutor to do something

(in the PAST). Answer affirmatively or negatively.

Model: Q: Oticnequia onipa:quizquia?

Ans: Quemah, onicnequia otipa:quizquia.

1. Oticnequia onicochizquia? 8. Oticnequia onipa:quizquia?

2. Oticnequia onicalaquizquia? 9. Oticnequia onihuetzcazquia?

3. Oticnequia oniqui:zazquia? 10. Oticnequia onitlehcozquia?

4. Oticnequia onicuala:nizquia? 11. Oticnequia onitenazquia?

5. Oticnequia onihuetzizquia? 12. Oticnequia onitzecuinizquia?

6. Oticnequia onimiquizquia? 13. Oticnequia onicho:cazquia?

7. Oticnequia onipi:na:huazquia? 14. Oticnequia onitzahtzizquia?

You, as a member of a group, are asked if y'all want your single

interlocutor to do something. Answer affirmatively or negatively.

Model: Q: Onanquinequiah onipa:quizquia?

Ans: Quemah, oticnequiah tipa:quizquia.

1. Onanquinequiah onicochizquia? 8. Onanquinequiah onipa:quizquia?

2. Onanquinequiah onicalaquizquia? 9. Onanquinequiah onihuetzcazquia?

3. Onanquinequiah oniqui:zazquia? 10. Onanquinequiah onitlehcozquia?

4. Onanquinequiah onicuala:nizquia? 11. Onanquinequiah onitenazquia?

5. Onanquinequiah onihuetzizquia? 12. Onanquinequiah onitzecuinizquia?

6. Onanquinequiah onimiquizquia? 13. Onanquinequiah onicho:cazquia?

7. Onanquinequiah onipi:na:huazquia? 14. Onanquinequiah onitzahtzizquia?

Answer the following questions according to whether you are addressed

alone or as a member of a group.

Model: Q: Onanquinequiah onipa:quizquia?

Ans: Quemah, oticnequiah otipa:quizquia.

Q: Oticnequia onipa:quizquia?

Ans: Quemah, onicnequia otipa:quizquia.

1. Oticnequia onicochizquia? 7. Onanquinequiah onipi:na:huazquia?

2. Oticnequia onicalaquizquia? 8. Oticnequia onipa:quizquia?

3. Onanquinequiah oniqui:zazquia? 9. Onanquinequiah onihuetzcazquia?

4. Onanquinequiah onicuala:nizquia? 10. Onanquinequiah onitlehcozquia?

5. Oticnequia onihuetzizquia? 11. Oticnequia onitenazquia?

6. Oticnequia onimiquizquia? 12. Oticnequia onitzecuinizquia?

Pattern Exercise 32: Past Desire (future as object;

two different subjects)

Answer the following questions either affirmatively or negatively.

1. Oticnequia onicaltizquia in mozoamon?

2. Oticnequia onica:nazquia in tlaxcal?

3. Oticnequia oniccaquizquia in cuicatl?

4. Oticnequia oniccuepazquia in tlaol?

5. Oticnequia onichuitequizquia in mocnih?

6. Ocnequia in motahtzin otiquihcuilozquia in moto:ca?

7. Ocnequia in monantzin otiquihto:zquia 'quemah'?

8. Ocnequia in moahui otiquihtzomazquia in mocue?

9. Ocnequia in mocnih otiquilnamiquizquia in itonaltlacatiliz?

10. Ocnequia in mocohcol otiquilizquia in motlahtlacol?

11. Onanquinequiah oniquilpizquia in namoaxno?

12. Onanquinequiah onicmatizquia canin cah in namohueltih?

13. Onanquinequiah onicnequizquia niconiz in nectli?

14. Onanquinequiah onicno:no:tzazquia in namoconeh?

15. Onanquinequiah onicno:tzazquia in notahtzin?

16. Onicnequia oticpa:cazquia in nocoton?

17. Onicnequia oticca:huazquia in a:tl?

18. Onicnequia oticchihuazquia in tlacual?

19. Onicnequia oticcoazquia in xa:xocotl?

20. Onicnequia otiquilca:huazquia in motomin?

21. Oticnequia onicmelahuazquia in te/poztli?

22. Ocnequia in mocnih oticmehmelahuilizquia in icue?

23. Onanquinequiah oniquittazaquia in nocnih?

24. Onicnequia otitequitizquia nocuentlah?

25. Oticnequia onicmacazquia tzopelic in moconeh?

tonaltlacatiliztli birthday

xa:xocotl guayaba

Pattern Exercise 33: Conditional sentences; non-hypothetical

Answer the following questions either affirmatively or negatively.

1. In tla timiquiz moztla, cho:caz in monantzin?

2. In tla tihuetzcaz moztla, cualaniz in mocnih?

3. In tla ticholoz huiptla, mitzchoquiliz in motahtzin?

4. In tla tinemiz moztla ihcih, titenaz teotlac?

5. In tla ticalaquiz te:chan, mitzhualquixtiz in chaneh?

6. In tla ticochiz ihcih, mitzehuaz in mocohcoltzin?

7. In tla ticualaniz moztla, mitzahhuaz in motlahuical?

8. In tla nihuetziz cuentlah, tinechahcoquiz?

9. In tla nitlachiaz ic mochan, tinechhualtlahuelittaz?

10. In tla nitlaconiz mochan, ticualaniz?

11. In tla niconiz miec a:tl, tinechtenehuiliz?

12. In tla nictemitiz in comitl, tzayaniz?

13. In tla tlacatizqueh yoac in pitzomeh, cecmiquizqueh?

14. In tla pozoniz in a:tl totoca, nonoquihuiz?

15. In tla pa:quizqueh in coconeh, tiquinahhuaz?

16. In tla tlaconizqueh in mohuehpolhuan, ticualaniz?

17. In tla cholozqueh in pitzomeh, tiquintemotih?

tla if

teotlac afternoon, evening (more or less 3:00-dark)

chaneh house owner

ahcoqui lift up

tlahuelitta give an angry look, a dirty look

tlaconi drink (something alcoholic)

oni drink (object not assumed)

tenehuilia (b.) remind, reproach, criticize

(of a past favor or harm)

temitia fill up

tzayani split

cecmiqui die of cold

tlacati be born

no:quihui it spills

nicno:quia I spill it

nohno:quihui it spills (all at once, pot turns over)

nono:quihui it spills (continuously, boiling)

Pattern Exercise 34: Conditional sentences; hypothetical

Answer the following questions either affirmatively or negatively.

1. In tla otimiquizquia moztla, ocho:cazquia in monantzin?

2. In tla otihuetzcazquia moztla, ocualanizquia in mocnih?

3. In tla oticholozquia huiptla, omitzchoquilizquia in motahtzin?

4. In tla otinemizquia moztla ihcih, otitenazquia tiotlac?

5. In tla oticalaquizquia te:chan, omitzhualquixtizquia in chaneh?

6. In tla oticochizquia ihcih, omitzehuazquia in mocohcoltzin?

7. In tla oticualanizquia moztla, omitzahhuazquia in motlahuical?

8. In tla onihuetzizquia cuentlah, otinechahcoquizquia?

9. In tla onitlachiazquia ic mochan, otinechhualtlahuelittazquia?

10. In tla onitlaconizquia mochan, oticualanizquia?

11. In tla oniconizquia miec a:tl, otinechtenehuilizquia?

12. In tla onictemitizquia in comitl, otzayanizquia?

13. In tla otlacatizquiah yoac in pitzomeh, ocecmiquizquiah?

14. In tla opozonizquia in a:tl totoca, ononoquihuizquia?

15. In tla opa:quizquiah in coconeh, otiquinahhuazquia?

16. In tla otlaconizquiah in mohuehpolhuan, oticualanizquia?

17. In tla ocholozquiah in pitzomeh, otiquintemozquia?

tla if

tiotlac afternoon, evening (more or less 3:00-dark)

chaneh house owner

ahcoqui lift up

tlahuelitta give an angry look, a dirty look

tlaconi drink (something alcoholic)

oni drink (object not assumed)

tenehuilia (b.) remind, reproach, criticize

(of a past favor or harm)

temitia fill up

tzayani split

cecmiqui die of cold

tlacati be born

no:quihui it spills

nicno:quia I spill it

nohno:quihui it spills (all at once, pot turns over)

nono:quihui it spills (continuously, boiling)

Pattern Exercise 35: Commands: Regular and irregular verbs

Your interlocutor tells you that he (or he and his group) do not

want to do something. Tell him (or them) to do it.

A. Reply to the following cues without respect (i.e., no honorific).

1. Amo nicnequi niaz in teopan.

2. Amo nicnequi nihuitz tlamachtiloyan.

3. Amo nicnequi niez monahuac.

4. Amo nicnequi nichualicaz in cuahuitl.

5. Amo ticnequih tiazqueh tlacualoyan.

6. Amo ticnequih tiezqueh temazcal.

7. Amo ticnequih tihuallazqueh mochan.

8. Amo ticnequih tichualicazqueh in motahtzin.

B. Reply to the following cues with Honorific I (i.e. parent level).

9. Amo nicnequi niez inahuac in monantzin.

10. Amo nicnequi niaz nitequititih.

11. Amo nicnequi nihuitz mochan.

12. Amo nicnequi nichualicaz in ichcatl.

13. Amo ticnequih tihuallazqueh ipan axno.

14. Amo ticnequih tiezqueh mocal ihtec.

15. Amo ticnequih tiazqueh cuahtlan.

16. Amo ticnequih tichualicazqueh in huehxolotl.

C. Reply to the following cues with Hon. II (i.e. grandparent level).

17. Amo nicnequi nichualicaz in mocax.

18. Amo nicnequi niez icuacpac in calli.

19. Amo nicnequi niaz ichan momontah.

20. Amo nicnequi nihuitz inahuac in mochahuanan.

Pattern Exercise 35: Commands: Regular and irregular verbs [p. 2]

21. Amo ticnequih tiazqueh ilhuitlan.

22. Amo ticnequih tihuallazqueh nenamictiloyan.

23. Amo ticnequih tiezqueh ipan ohtli.

24. Amo ticnequih tichualicazqueh in tequihuah.

-H. H. I H. II

Go

Singular: xiah xonyah xonmuica

Plural: xiacan xonyacan xonmuicacan

Come

Singular: xihui:qui xonhui:qui xonhualmuica

Plural: xihui:quican xonhui:quican xonhualmuicacan

Be

Singular: xie xonye xonmetztie

Plural: xiecan xonyecan xonmetztiecan

Bring

Singular: xichualica xiconhualica xiconhualmuiquili

Plural: xichualicacan xiconhualicacan xiconhualmuiquilican

tlacualoyan eating place (i.e. a party)

ichahuanan his foster mother

itlacpatah his foster father

icuacpac on top of

ilhuitlan party place, fair

nenamictiloyan place of marriage

nenamicti/liztli marriage ceremony

nehto:tiloyan place of dance

tequihuah man of authority [tequitl-huah]

Pattern Exercise 36: Future and Past of verbs with -hua and -hui

You are asked if someone (maybe you) is going to do something. You

answer that the person asked about (maybe you) already did it.

Cue: Ticchihuaz in tlacual?

Ans: Yonicchih yecualcan.

Note that when the final vowel is lost, the then final /w/ ('hu')

becomes /h/.

1. Ticchihuaz in tlacual?

2. Ticca:huaz in mocue nochan?

3. Tiquilca:huaz in mozoah?

4. Ticmelahuaz in ohtli?

5. Tipinahuaz axan?

6. Tictelahuaz in molpica?

7. Tiquehuaz in moconeh?

8. Nictenehuaz in notlazoh?

9. Nicpatlahuaz in tzotzo/mahtli?

10. Nicpetlahuaz in co/coxqui?

11. Nictlaxtlahuaz in monec?

12. Nictopehuaz in comitl?

13. Nipehuaz axan?

14. Quicoaz tzopelic in mocnih?

15. Amo nitlachia. Ye tlayoaz?

16. Polihuiz in axno?

17. Xe:lihuiz in apaztli?

18. Nanquichihuazqueh in tlacual?

19. Nanquinca:huazqueh in namocuehuan nochan?

20. Nanquinilca:huazqueh in namozoahuan?

21. Nanquimelahuazqueh in ohtli?

22. Nanpinahuazqueh axan?

23. Nanquintelahuazqueh in namolpicahuan?

24. Nanquinehuazqueh in namoconehuan?

Pattern Exercise 36: Future and Past of verbs with -hua and -hui

25. Tiquintenehuazqueh in totlazohhuan?

26. Ticpatlahuazqueh in tzotzo/mahtli?

27. Ticpetlahuazqueh in co/coxqui?

28. Tictlaxtlahuazqueh in namonec?

29. Tictopehuazqueh in comitl?

30. Tipehuazqueh axan?

31. Quicoazqueh tzopelic in mocnihuan?

32. Amo titlachiah. Ye tlayoaz?

33. Polihuizqueh in axnohtin?

34. Xe:lihuizqueh in a/hpaztin?

yecualcan in the (this) morning

yeyehua a little while ago

melahua straighten

telahua make thick

molpica your belt [absolutive: ilpicatl]

petlahua uncover, bare

co/coxqui sick person

topehua shove

tlaxtlahua pay for

tzotzo/mahtli cloth

patlahua widen, spread

co(hua)a buy

tlayo(hu)a get dark

xe:lihui split, break

ahpaztli bowl

Nicpatlahuaz in tzotzo/mahtli?

Nicpetlahuaz in co/coxqui?

Nictlaxtlahuaz in monec?

Nictopehuaz in comitl?

Nipehuaz axan?

Quicoaz tzopelic in mocnih?

Amo nitlachia. Ye tlayoaz?

Polihuiz in axno?

Xe:lihuiz in apaztli?

Pattern Exercise 37: Reflexive verbs: Honorific I and II

(second person, singular and plural)

Honorific I: answer the following questions.

1. Aquin inahuac tonma:ltia temazcal?

2. Tonmotemaz ihcih cualcan?

3. Tonmoca:huaz mochantzin?

4. Canin tonmocuepaz ic tochan?

5. Quenman tonmehuaz yetlahcah?

6. Aquin inahuac tonmotelquetzaz?

7. Aquin ichan tonmote:caz moztla?

8. Tlen ipan tonmotlaliz cualcan?

9. Aquin inahuac namonma:ltiah temazcal?

10. Namonmotemazqueh ihcih cualcan?

11. Namonmoca:huazqueh namochantzin?

12. Canin namonmocuepazqueh ic tochan?

13. Quenman namonmehuazqueh yetlahcah?

14. Aquin inahuac namonmotelquetzazqueh?

15. Aquin ichan namonmote:cazqueh moztla?

16. Tlen ipan namonmotlalizqueh cualcan?

Honorific II.

1. Aquin inahuac tonma:ltihtzinoa temazcal?

2. Tonmotentzinoz ihcih cualcan?

3. Tonmoca:htzinoz mochantzin?

4. Canin tonmocueptzinoz ic tochan?

5. Quenman tonmehtzinoz yetlahcah?

6. Aquin inahuac tonmotelquetztzinoz?

7. Aquin ichan tonmote:catzinoz moztla?

Pattern Exercise 37: Reflexive verbs: Honorific I and II

(second person, singular and plural) [p. 2]

8. Tlen ipan tonmotlalihtzinoz cualcan?

9. Aquin inahuac namonma:ltihtzinoah temazcal?

10. Namonmotentzinozqueh ihcih cualcan?

11. Namonmoca:htzinozqueh namochantzin?

12. Canin namonmocueptzinozqueh ic tochan?

13. Quenman namonmehtzinozqueh yetlahcah?

14. Aquin inahuac namonmotelquetztzinozqueh?

15. Aquin ichan namonmote:catzinozqueh moztla?

16. Tlen ipan namonmotlalihtzinozqueh cualcan?

tlahcah in the daytime (more or less 9 a.m.-noon)

yetlahcah already in the daytime